174 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



to enumerate here many others of the numerous species of 

 Lupines, of which unquestionably very many are eligible for 

 agrarian purposes, while all are acceptable as hardy, elegant, 

 and easily-grown garden plants. One (L. perennis, L.) ex- 

 tends in America to the Northern States of the Union and 

 Canada ; fourteen are recorded from South Europe, seventeen 

 from Brazil, and numerous species from other parts of America, 

 where the limits of the genus are about Monte Video south- 

 ward and about Nootka Sound northward. The majority of 

 the species are perennial. The Egyptian L. Termis, Forsk., 

 is closely allied to L. albus, and of equal use. 



Lupinus august if olius, Linne. 



Countries on the Mediterranean Sea. An annual blue-flowered 

 species preferable to L. luteus for grain harvest. 



Lupinus arboreus, Sims.* 



California. This has been used there for the reclamation of 

 sand, on account of its long tap roots, the latter having been 

 traced to a depth of 5 feet, while the stems were only 

 3 feet high. The germination is easy and the growth 

 rapid on the sand downs. For aiding the young lupines for 

 the first two months, to get hold of the sand, barley is sown 

 with them, as the latter sprouts in a few days and holds the 

 sand in the second week ; the lupine subsequently covers the 

 sand with a dense vegetation in less than a year. 



Lupinus Douglasii, Agardh. 



Oregon and California. This somewhat woody species can, 

 along with L. arboreus and L. Chamissonis, Escholtz (L. 

 albifrons, Bentham), like many perennial Lupines from other 

 countries, be used for binding the sand. 



Lupinus luteus, Linne.* 



The Scented Yellow Lupine. Countries in the vicinity of the 

 Mediterranean Sea. This likewise annual species is predo- 

 minantly in use through Middle Europe to improve sandy 

 soil ; it is the best of all yet tested, and will do even on coast 

 drifts. It can also be employed like some other Lupines as a 

 fodder herb, green as well as for hay ; also as pasture herbs 

 some Lupines are very valuable. Lupine seeds are very fat- 

 tening when used as an addition to ordinary fodder, and are in 

 this respect quite equal in value to oil-cake, while the foliage is 

 said to be not inferior to that of clover and more bulky. Never- 

 theless some Lupines have proved poisonous to sheep. About 



