TN EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 203 



corresponds in Spain, as far as this culture is concerned, to one 

 degree further north. Olives do not grow well on granite soil. 

 The fruit produced on limestone formations is of the best 

 quality. Gypsum promotes the growth of the tree. An 

 equable temperature serves best ; thus exposure to prevailing 

 strong winds is to be avoided. The winter temperature should 

 not fall below 7 C. The quantity of oil in the fruit varies 

 from 10 to 20 per cent. ; sometimes it even exceeds the latter 

 proportion. In Provence at an average 24 Ibs. of olive oil 

 are consumed by each individual of the population annually in 

 Andalusia about 301bs. For obtaining the largest quantity of 

 oil the fruit must be completely ripe. Hand-picked olives 

 give the purest oil. Knocking the fruit from the branches 

 with sticks injures the tree and lessens its productiveness in 

 the next year. Spain alone produces about 250,000,000 Ibs. of 

 olive oil a year. 



SPANISH VARIETIES. 



A. Varieties of early maturation, for colder localities : 



1. Var.pomiformis, Clem. 



Manzanillo. (French : Ampoulleau.) Fruit above an inch 

 in diameter, spherical, shining black. Putamen broad and 

 truncate. 



. Var. regalis, Clem. 



Sevillano. (French : Pruneau de Catignac.) Fruit about an 

 inch in diameter, ovate- spherical, blunt, bluish black. 



3. Var. Bellotudo or Villotuda. 



Fruit about an inch long, egg-shaped ; pericarp outside dark 

 red, inside violet. 



4. Var. Redondillo. 



Fruit ovate-spherical, nearly an inch long. Pericarp outside 

 bluish black, inside whitish. A rich yielder. 



5. Var. ovalis, Clem. 



Lechm, Picholin, Acquillo. (French : Saurine.) Fruit broad- 

 oval, two-thirds of an inch long. A copious yielder. 



6. Var. argentata, Clem. 



Nevadillo bianco ; Doncel ; Zorzalena ; Moradillo ; Ojiblanco ; 

 Olivo lucio. Fruit broad-ovate, an inch long, very blunt, not 

 oblique. Quality and quantity of oil excellent. 



7. Var. Varal bianco. 



(French : Blanquette.) Fruit ovate, globular, three-fourths of 

 an inch long, neither pointed nor oblique, outside blackish red. 



8. Var. Empettre. 



Fruit ovate, an inch long, equable. Rich in oil of excellent 

 quality, also one of the best for pickles. Pericarp outside 

 violet, inside white. 



