IN EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 241 



which grows about 25 feet high, in favourable localities 50, 

 yields much oil of turpentine. The wood is used for carving 

 and for firewood. Only available to advantage for highlands. 



Pinus Montezumae, Lambert. (P. Devoniana, Lindley ; P. Gren- 

 ?, Gordon.) 



Mexico. A handsome Pine, 80 feet high; wood white, soft, 

 and resinous. 



Pinus monticola, Douglas. 



British Columbia and California, at an elevation of 7,000 

 feet. It thrives best in poor soil of granite formation, and 

 attains the height of 200 feet, with a stem of 1| to 7 feet 

 thick. The wood is white, close-grained, similar to that of 

 P. Strobus. Dr. Gibbons observes that it is less than half 

 the size of P. Lambertiana, but in all other respects re- 

 sembles it. Woodmen are very pronounced in their statement 

 that there are two kinds of Sugar Pine, both growing in close 

 proximity to each other. J. Hoopes states that the wood is 

 similar to White Pine, but tougher. 



Pinus muricata, D. Don. 



Bishop's Pine. California. Found up to 7,500 feet. This 

 Pine grows to about 40 feet. It might be utilised for wind- 

 brakes (Dr. Gibbons). 



Pinus nigra, Aiton. 



Black Spruce. North-East America, occurring extensively 

 between 44 and 53 north latitude. This tree, which is termed 

 Double Spruce by the Canadians, attains a height of 70 

 feet, and furnishes a light elastic timber of pale colour, ex- 

 cellent for yards of ships. The young shoots are used for 

 making spruce-beer and the small roots serve as cords. The 

 tree prefers poor and rocky soil, but a humid cool clime, and is 

 best available for mountainous localities inaccessible to culture. 

 Mr. Cecil Clay estimates that 20,000 cubic feet of timber can 

 be obtained from this tree on one acre of ground. 



Pinus nobilis, Douglas. 



Noble White Fir; also known as Red Fir. North-west 

 coast of America, on the Columbia River and the . mountains 

 of North California, where it forms extensive forests at 6,000 

 to 8,000 feet. A majestic tree, 150 to 200 feet high, 

 4 feet in diameter, with regular horizontal branches, fur- 

 nishing a splendid timber. P. magnifica, Murray, is a variety. 



