IN EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 255 



also, according to Porcher, for wooden structures under water. 

 " Sparterie " for plaiting is obtained from the wood-shavings. 

 The wood of this and some other Poplars is easily converted 

 into paper-pulp, which again is cheaply bleached. Lines of 

 Poplars along forest streams prevent the progress of wood 

 conflagrations. The roots of Poplar spread widely. P. canes- 

 cens (Snr.), the Grey Poplar, is either ajeariflt^QJLthe Abele 

 or its hybrid with the Aspen, and yjdwsffi ^B&fer^oBl&si^f or 

 carpenters and millwrights. 



(i A J V t 

 Populus angustifolia, James. \ p 



North America. A rather large tree of vigorous 



growth (Vasey) ; adapted for shelter-plantations, particu- 



cularly in wet localities. 



Populus balsamifera, Linne. 



The Tacamahae or Balsam Poplar of the colder, but not the 

 coldest, parts of North America ; also in Siberia and on the 

 Himalaya Mountains, where it ranges from 8,000 to 14,000 

 feet. It attains a height of 80 feet. The tree may be 

 lopped for cattle -fodder (Stewart and Brandis). Mr. Meehan 

 says that it will grow near the ocean's brink. Its variety is 

 P. candicans (Ait.) . 



Populus ciliata, Wallich. 



Himalaya, from 4,000 to 10,000 feet. Height up to 70 feet 

 with a straight trunk, which attains 10 feet in girth. 



Populus Euphratica, Olivier. 



From Algeria, dispersed to the Himalayas and Songaria, up 

 to 13,500 feet. Height up to 50 feet. Wood harder than 

 that of most Poplars, the inner wood turning black in old 

 trees. It is used for planking and boat-building (Stewart and 

 Brandis), also for beams, rafters, boxes, panneling, turnery. 

 Cattle will browse on the leaves. This is the Willow of the 

 137th Psalm. 



Populus grandidentata, Michaux. 



North America. Sixty feet high. The Soft Aspen. P. 

 angulata (Ait.) is another large Poplar of North-Eastern 

 America. 



Populus heterophylla, Linne'. 



The Downy Poplar of North America, passing also by the 

 name of Cottonwood. Height 60 feet. The wood is very 



