296 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



method, must be done by cutting the shoots close to the 

 ground after the fall of the leaves. The accidental intro- 

 duction from abroad of the destructive saw-flies (particu- 

 larly Nematus ventralis), which prey also on currant and 

 gooseberry bushes, should be guarded against. 



Salix rubra, Hudson.* 



Throughout Europe, also in West Asia and North Africa ; 

 it is much chosen for osier beds. When cut down, it will 

 make shoots 8 feet long in a season. Porcher regards it as one 

 of the most valuable species for work in which unpeeled rods 

 are used. 



Salix tetrasperma, Roxburgh. 



Mountains of India, from 2,000 to 7,000 feet. Height of tree 

 40 feet. This thick-stemmed Willow is worthy of a place 

 on the banks of watercourses. The twigs can be worked into 

 baskets, the wood serves for gunpowder, the foliage for 

 cattle fodder. 



Salix triandra, Linn&* (S. amygdalina, Linne.) 



The Almond- Willow ; through nearly all Europe and extra- 

 tropical Asia. Height of tree 30 feet. Shoots 9 feet long, 

 for hoofs and white basket-work, being pliant and durable. 

 The bark contains a good deal of salicin. S. lanceolata 

 (Smith) is a hybrid between S. triandra and S. viminalis, 

 according to Anderson. 



Salix viminalis, 



The common Osier of Europe and North and West Asia; 

 attains the height of 30 feet. One of the best for wicker- 

 work and hoops; when cut, it shoots up to a length of 12 

 feet. It would lead too far to enumerate even all the more 

 important Willows on this occasion. Professor Anderson, 

 of Stockholm, admits 158 species. Besides these, numerous 

 hybrids exist. Many of the taller of these Willows could be 

 grown to advantage. 



Salpichroma rhomboidea, Miers. 



Extra-tropical South America, as far south as Magellan's 

 Straits. A half -shrub, with good-sized berries of vinous taste 

 (Lorentz) . 



Salvia Matico, Grisebach. 



Sub- Alpine Argentina. An important medicinal herb. 



