356 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



are used, which are peeled and scalded prior to the immersion 

 into the saccharine liquid. 



Zizania aquatica, Linnet (Hydropyrum esculentum, Link.) 



The Canada Eice. In shallow streams and around ponds and 

 lakes from Canada to Florida. This tall grass might be 

 readily naturalised. Although its grain can be utilised for 

 bread-corn, we would wish to possess the plant, chiefly to 

 obtain additional food of a superior kind for water-birds. 



Zizania latifolia, Hance.* (Hydropyrum latifolium, Grisebach.) 



The Kau-sun of China. In lakes of Amur, Manchuria, China, 

 and Japan. Nearly related to the preceding species. From 

 Dr. Hance we know that the solid base of the stem forms a 

 very choice vegetable, largely used in China, where this tall 

 water-grass undergoes regular cultivation like the Trapa. 



Zizania miliacea, Michaux. 



Southern part of North America, West India. Likewise tall 

 and perennial, but more restricted to the tide-water meadows 

 and ditches, according to Pursh ; but according to Chapman's 

 note, generally distributed like Z. aquatica, with which it 

 has similar use. In South Brazil occurs a similar grass 

 namely, Z. microstachya (Nees). 



Zizyphus Joazeiro, Martius. 



Brazil. Recommended as yielding fruit in arid regions. 



Zizyphus Jujuba, La Marck. 



From India to China, East Australia, extending also to 

 tropical Africa, ascending the Himalayas to 4,500 feet. This 

 shrub or tree can only be expected to bear its pleasant fruits 

 in the warmer part of the temperate zone. The fruit is red 

 or yellow, and of the size of a cherry. The Tussa silkworm, 

 which, according to Dr. Forbes Watson, is the most important 

 and widely distributed of the wild silk-insects of India, feeds 

 on Z. Jujuba, but also on Terminalias, Shorea, Bombax hepta- 

 phyllum, and some other trees. Often the cocoons are merely 

 collected in the forests. 



Zizyphus Lotus, La Marck. 



Countries around the Mediterranean Sea. The fruits are 

 small and less sweet than those of Z. vulgaris; neverthe- 

 less they are largely used for food in the native country of 

 this bush. Z. nummularia (Wight and Arnott) is an allied 



