in Extra-Tropical Countries. 65 



Calaminth.a officinalis, Moench. 



Middle and Southern Europe and Middle Asia, Northern Africa. 

 A perennial herb, used like Melissa as a condiment. 



Calamus montanus, T. Anderson. 



Himalaya, up to 6,000 feet. A hardy climbing palm. The old 

 canes are naked. The light but strong suspension-bridges, by 

 which the large rivers of Sikkim are crossed, are constructed of this 

 palm. It supplies material for the strongest ropes, to drag logs of 

 wood from the forest. Most durable baskets and cane-work of 

 chairs are manufactured from the slit stems. Walking sticks and 

 riding canes made of this species are exported from Sikkim in con- 

 siderable quantity. Many other Calami serve similar purposes, but 

 probably few, or perhaps none, are equally hardy. 



Callitris arborea, Schrader. ( Widdringtonia juniperoides, Endlicher. ) 



Southern Africa, 3,000 to 4,000 feet above sea-level. A middle- 

 sized tree, rich in resin. 



Callitris calcarata, R. Brown. (Frenela, Endlicheri, Parlatore.) 



Eastern Australia. A tree to 70 feet in height and 3 feet in stem- 

 diameter. Spreads readily over sterile, particularly sandy land. 

 Wood of local importance, strong, durable, and of agreeable smell. It 

 is used for piles, and furnishes planks for boats; it is repugnant to 

 termites. The knotty portion of the stem valuable to cabinet- 

 makers for inlaying. Market price about 5 per 1,000 feet. 



Callitris columellaris, F. v. Mueller. 



Eastern Australia, on bare and sandy coast-tracts. Height reaching 

 100 feet. Timber durable, fine-grained, fragrant, capable of a high 

 polish; used for piles of wharves and sheeting of punts and boats; 

 it resists the attacks of chelura and whits ants; the knotty portion 

 valued for veneers. The young stems are liked for telegraph-poles 

 according to Mr. Thozet. Present market value of timber 6 per 

 1,000 superficial feet. (Queensland Exhibition, 1878.) 



Callitris Macleayana, F. v. Mueller. (Frenela Macleayana, Parlatore.) 



New South Wales. A handsome tree, of regular pyramidal growth, 

 attaining a height of 70 feet; the timber is valuable. C. actinostrobus 

 and C. acuminata from South-West Australia are too small for timber- 

 purposes, but the first-mentioned is one of the very few conifers fit for 

 saline soil. 



Callitris Parlatorei, F. v. Mueller. 



Southern Queensland. Recommended by Mr. F. M. Bailey as a 

 shade-tree. It attains a height of 60 feet. The wood is esteemed 

 by cabinet-makers. Several other species of Callitris are worthy of 

 forest-culture. 



