72 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



required, such as yokes (Robb). It is often speckled and somewhat 

 curled, thus fitted for superior furniture (Simmonds). C. Caroliniana 

 (Walter) is the oldest name. Very closely allied to the following. 



Carpinus Betulus, 



The Hornbeam. Middle and Southern Europe and Western Asia. 

 A tree to 80 feet high. Wood pale, of a horny toughness and hardness, 

 close-grained, but not elastic. It is used for wheel-wrights' work, for 

 cogs in machinery and for turnery (Laslett). It furnishes a good coal 

 for gunpowder. This tree would serve, to arrest the progress of bush- 

 fires, if planted in copses or hedges, like willows and poplars, around 

 forest-plantations. In Norway it is hardy to lat. 63 26' (Schuebeler). 

 Four species occur in Japan : C. cordata, C. erosa, C. laxiflora and 

 C. Japonica (Blume). Carpinus viminea (Wallich) is a species with 

 durable wood from the middle regions of Nepal. 



Carthamus tinctorius, Linne". 



From Egypt to India. The Safflower. In Norway grown to lat. 

 70 22' North. A tall, annual, rather handsome herb. The florets 

 produc'e yellow, rosy, ponceau and other red shades of dye, according 

 to various admixtures. Pigment principles : carthamin and carthamus- 

 yellow. For domestic purposes it yields a dye ready at hand from 

 any garden. In India the Carthamus is also cultivated for the sake 

 of the oil, which can be pressed from the seeds. 



Carum Ajowan, Bentham. (C. Copticum, Bentham.) 



From the countries around the Mediterranean Sea to India. The 

 fruits of this annual herb form an excellent culinary condiment with 

 the flavor of thyme. Its peculiar oil is accompanied by cymol and 

 thymol. 



Carum Bulbocastanum, Koch. 



Middle- and South-Europe, North-Africa, Middle Asia, on lime- 

 stone soil, extending in Cashmere to 9,000 feet elevation. The 

 tuberous roots and also the leaves serve as a culinary vegetable ; the 

 fruits as a condiment. 



Carum Capense, Sender. 



South- Africa, where the edible, somewhat aromatic root is called 

 Fenkelwortel. 



Carum Carui, Linn6. 



The Caraway-Plant. Perennial. Europe, Northern and Middle 

 Asia. Extends in Norway to lat. 71 7'. A wholesome adjunct, if 

 interspersed among the herbs of sheep-pastures. It might be 

 naturalized even on our Alps, and also along the sea-shores. The 

 Caraway-oil is accompanied by two chemical principles : carven and 

 carvol. Among the many other purposes, for which it is employed, is 

 that of entering into the scents of soaps and cheap essences of per- 

 fumery (Piesse). The seeds will keep three years (Vilmorin). On 



