88 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



Cichorium Intybus, Linn. 



Chicory. A well-known perennial plant, indigenous to Europe, 

 Northern Africa and South-Western Asia. The roots much used as 

 a substitute for coffee; 5,000 tons of Chicory valued at 68,000 were 

 imported into the United Kingdom in 1884. This plant requires a 

 rich deep loamy soil, but fresh manure is detrimental to the value of 

 the root. It is also a good fodder-plant, especially for sheep, and 

 can be kept growing for several years, if cut always before flowering. 

 The root can be dressed and boiled for culinary purposes ; the leaves 

 are useful for salad, particularly when the plants are removed to dark 

 warm places for bleaching (Kuehnel); seeds will keep for several years 

 (Vilmorin) ; medicinal use can be made also of the fresh root. In- 

 digenous in Norway to lat. 63 30' (Schuebeler). 



Cimicifuga racemosa, Elliott. 



The " Black Snake-Root " and also " Cohosh " of North- America. 

 A perennial herb of medicinal value, the root possessing emetic pro- 

 perties. 

 Cinchona Calisaya, Ruiz and Pa von.* 



Andes of Peru, New Granada, Brazil and Bolivia, 5,000 to 6,000 

 feet above the ocean. This tree attains a height of 40 feet; it yields 

 the Yellow Bark and also part of the Crown-Bark. It is one of the 

 richest yielders of quinin, and also produces cinchonidin, but little of 

 other alkaloids. The most valuable species in Bengal, braving 

 occasional night-frost. This has flowered at Berwick (Victoria) 

 already ten years ago under the care of Mr. G-. W. Robinson, from 

 plants supplied by the author, therefore as far south as Port Phillip, 

 where also good seeds mature. It grows under conditions more 

 limited than those of C. succirubra, nor is it so easily propagated. All 

 of its varieties do not furnish bark of equal value. The Santa Fe 

 variety ascends the Andes of New Granada 10,000 feet, and produces 

 the highly valuable soft Columbia-bark. The variety Ledgeriana 

 comes from Brazil, south-east of Lake Titicaca. Its bark yielded in 

 Java 11 to 12 per cent, of quinin. 



Renewed bark, obtained by covering the stem, where the bark has 

 been removed, with moss or matting, according to Mr. Mclvor's 

 method, realized double the ordinary market-price, and in C. succiru- 

 bra even more (Woodhouse). Young Cinchona-plants are subject to 

 the attacks of Helopeltis Antonii, which insect preys also on the 

 Tea-bush. 

 Cinchona cordifolia, Mutis.* 



Peru and New Granada on the Andes, at between 6,000 and 8,000 

 feet elevation, and according to Mr. Willis Weaver at Bogota (pro- 

 bably under the shelter of forests) up to the frosty region of 9,500 

 feet. Provides the hard Cartagena-bark or West Pitaya-bark, one 

 extremely rich in alkaloids. It is a species of robust constitution, 

 grows with rapidity and vigor. The thickest bark is obtained in the 

 highest altitudes, which are often involved in misty humidity by 

 passing clouds (Cross). 



