92 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



the attacks of insects. The well known camphor is obtained by 

 distilling or boiling the chopped wood or root ; the subsequently 

 condensed camphoric mass is subjected to a purifying sublimation- 

 process. 

 Cinnamomum Cassia, Blume. 



Southern China. It is not unlikely, that this tree, which produces 

 the Chinese cinnamon or the so-called Cassia lignea, may prove hardy 

 outside the tropics. Sir Joseph Hooker found on the Khasya- 

 mountains up to 6,000 feet three cinnamons producing similar bark 

 namely: C. obtusifolium, C. pauciflorum and C. Tamala (Nees),the 

 latter species extending to Queensland. Dr. Thwaites notes the true 

 Cinnamon-tree (C. Zeilanicum, Breyn) even up to 8,000 feet in 

 Ceylon, but the most aromatic bark comes from lower altitudes. 

 Cinnamon-leaves yield a fragrant oil and the root gives a sort of cam- 

 phor. Mr. Ch. Ford has ascertained, that the Chinese cut Cinnamomum 

 Cassia when 6 years old, the time chosen being from March to May, 

 after which season the bark loses much of its aroma. The branches 

 are cut to near the root. The bark on distillation affords the Cassia- 

 oil, 1 cwt. of bark yielding nearly 1 Ib. of oil, which is much in use 

 for confectionery and culinary purposes and the preparation of scented 

 soaps. Oil can also be obtained from the foliage. 



Cinnamomum Loureiroi, Nees. 



Cochin-China. and Japan. A middle-sized tree. The leaves 

 locally in use as a condiment and for perfumery. 



Cistus Creticus, Linn. 



Countries on the Mediterranean Sea, particularly the eastern. 

 This shrub, with C. Cyprius (Lamarck) furnishes the best ladanum- 

 resin. Other species yield a less fragrant produce. 



Citrus Aurantium, Linn<$. 



The Orange-tree (in the widest sense of the word). A native of 

 South-Eastern Asia. A plant of longevity ; thus a tree at Versailles, 

 known as the " Grand Bourbon/' is still in existence, though planted 

 in 1421. Stems of very good Orange-trees have gained such a size, 

 as to require two men to clasp them. If intervening spaces exist in 

 orangeries, they might be used for raising herbaceous honey-plants. 

 Any specific differences, to distinguish C. Aurantium from C. Medica, 

 if they once existed, are obliterated now through hybridization, at least 

 in the cultivated forms. In Central India a peculiar variety is under 

 culture, producing two crops a year ; the blossoms of February and 

 March yield their ripe fruit in November arid December, whereas from 

 the flowers of July mature fruits are obtained in March and April. 

 To prevent exhaustion only alternate fruiting is allowed. Nearly 

 5 million bushels of oranges and lemons, representing a value of 

 1,782,000, were imported into the United Kingdom during 1884. 

 It is not unusual for orange-trees to continue in full bearing for 60 or 

 70 years, and after that the wood is still valued for its durability, 

 fragrance and beauty. . The Sorrento-honey derives its delicious 



