in Extra- Tropical Countries. 109 



shady tree attains to a height of 350 feet, with a stem of 9 feet in cir- 

 cumference, and is one of the quickest growing of all conifers, even 

 in poor dry soil. One of the best shelter-trees on sea-sands, naturally 

 following the coast-line, never extending many miles from the shore, 

 and occurring in localities, where the temperature does not rise above 

 80 F. nor sink below the freezing point (Bolander); nevertheless it 

 proved even hardy in Christiania. Richer in its yields of tar than the 

 Scotch Fir, according to American writers. Not to be planted on 

 places where stagnant humidity exists under ground. 



Cupressus Nutkaensis, Lambert. (ChamcecyparisNutkaensis,Sp&ch; Thuja 

 excelsa, Bongard.) 



The Yellow Cedar or Cypress of Alaska and the neighboring States. 

 Height of tree reaches 100 feet. Timber soft, pale, clear, durable, 

 tough and close, also scented; worked with ease; used for boat-build- 

 ing and many other purposes; the bast for mats and ropes. Can be 

 trimmed for hedge-growth. The Cypresses of the sections Chamas- 

 cyparis and Retinospora are now regarded by Sir Joseph Hooker and 

 Mr. George Bentham as species of Thuja. Prof. C. Koch placed them, 

 as did previously the author of this work, in the genus Cupressus. 



Cupressus obtusa, F. v. Mueller. (Retinospora obtusa, Siebold and Zuc- 

 carini. ) 



The Hinoki of Japan. Attains a height of 100 feet; stem to 5 feet 

 in circumference. It forms a great part of the forests at Nipon. 

 Growing naturally between 1,200 and 4,200 feet elevation on the 

 transition of the compact alluvial clays to eruptive granite (Dupont). 

 The bark is used for thatching, also for cordage and tow. The wood 

 is white-veined and compact, assuming when planed a silky lustre. 

 According to Mr. Christie, it is durable, close-grained and easily 

 worked. It is selected in Japan for temples. There are varieties of 

 this species with foliage of a golden- and of a silvery-white hue. 

 Hardy at New York, even in exposed localities. One of the finest of 

 evergreen trees for the vicinity of dwellings. It resembles C. Law- 

 soniana, but excels it ; it is also hardier and of more rapid growth 

 (Rev. H. W. Beecher). Easily multiplied from layers of the lower 

 branches. 



Two other Japanese Cypresses deserve introduction namely C. 

 breviramea(Chama3cyparis breviramea, Maximowicz) and C. pendens 

 (Chamaecyparis pendula, Maximowicz). 



Cupressus pisifera, F. v. Mueller = (Chamcecyparis pisifera, Sieb. and Zucc.) 



The Savara of Japan. It attains a height of 30 feet. Stem occa- 

 sionally 3 feet in diameter (Rein). Very hardy like the foregoing, 

 bearing the frosts of Norway at least to lat. 59 55' (Schuebeler); also 

 of beautiful aspect and quick growth. There is also a variety with 

 golden-yellow foliage. Less esteemed than C. obtusa; grows in 

 about the same localities, but is content with poorer soil, and bears 

 more heat (Dupont). 



