in Extra- Tropical Countries. Ill 



Cycas Normanbyana, F. v. Mueller. 



A noble Queensland-species, deserving introduction, and capable 

 of being shipped to long distances in an upgrown state without 

 einballage. 



Cycas revoluta, Thunberg. 



The Japan Pine-Palm. The trunk attains in age a height of about 

 6 feet, and is rich in sago-like starch. The slow growth of this plant 

 renders it only valuable for scenic decorative culture; it endures the 

 climate of Melbourne without protection. Cycas media, R. Br., may 

 also prove hardy, and would be a noble horticultural acquisition, as it 

 is the most gigantic of all Cycadeae, attaining a height of 70 feet in 

 tropical East- Australia. C. Siamensis (Miquel) will endure a tem- 

 perature occasionally as low as the freezing point. Like the Zamia- 

 steins, the trunks of any Cycas admit of trauslocation, even at an 

 advanced age; and like the stems of many kinds of tree-ferns, they can 

 be shipped on very long voyages packed as dead goods in closed wood- 

 cases, deprived of leaves and soil, for subsequent revival in conser- 

 vatories, as shown many years ago by the writer of this work. The 

 Macrozamias can be associated with the hardier palms in gardens, M. 

 spiralis advancing naturally southward to the 37th degree. One 

 genuine Zamia occurs as indigenous in Florida, several in Mexico are 

 extra-tropical, while Z. Chiqua (Seemann), or a closely allied species, 

 ascends to 7,000 feet in Central America. The South- African species 

 of Encephalartos also endure the night-frosts of Melbourne perfectly 

 well. 



Cymopterus glomeratus, De Candolle. 



North- America, Missouri-region. Root edible (Dr. Rosenthal). 



Cynara Cardunculus, Linne. 



The Cardoon. Mediterranean regions; extending to the Canary- 

 Islands. A perennial herb. The bleached leaf-stalks serve as escu- 

 lents. The foliage employed also as a substitute for rennet. This as 

 well as the following will come to perfection in Norway to lat. 

 63 52' (Schuebeler). Readily raised from seeds. The root also 

 edible (Vilmorin). 



Cynara Scolymus, Linne". 



The Artichoke. South-Europe and North-Africa. The recep- 

 tacles and the base of the flower-scales well known as a vegetable. 

 The plant is perennial, and here merely mentioned as entitled to 

 extended culture, grouped with other stately plants. Several other 

 species are worthy of cultivation. In Italy Artichokes are much 

 grown under olive-trees, to utilize spare-ground. The plant is greatly 

 benefited in cultivation by a dressing with sea-weed or any other 

 manure containing sea-sait (G. W. Johnson). The leaves serve 

 instead of rennet. Seeds will keep for several years. To preserve 

 good varieties sprouts are replanted, from which all the buds 



