in Extra-Tropical Countries. 139 



wood is very tough, and preferably sought in West- Australia for 

 naves and felloes. Even when dry it is heavier than water. This 

 species passes into the earlier known E. foecunda (Endlicher). 



Eucalyptus macrorrhyncha, F. v. Mueller. 



The common Stringybark-tree of Victoria, not extending far into 

 New South Wales. This tree attains a height of 120 feet, and is 

 generally found growing on sterile ridges, not ascending higher 

 mountains. The wood, which contains a good Heal of kino, is used 

 for joists, keels of boats, fence-rails and rough building purposes, 

 also extensively for fuel. The fibrous dark-brown bark serves for 

 roofs of huts and also for rough tying. The wood proved in our 

 experiments here nearly as strong as that of E. globulus and E. 

 rostrata, and considerably stronger than than that of E. obliqua. 

 The fresh bark contains from 11 to 14 per cent, of kino-tannic acid 

 (F. v. M. and Rummel). 



Eucalyptus maculata, Hooker. 



The Spotted Gumtree of New South Wales and Queensland. A 

 tree, reaching 150 feet in height, the wood of which is employed in 

 ship-building, wheelwrights' and coopers' work. The heart- wood is 

 as strong as that of British oak (Rev. Dr. Woolls). Content with 

 poor soil. 



Eucalyptus marginata, Smith.* 



The Jarrah or Mahogany-tree of South-Western Australia, famed 

 for its indestructible wood, which is neither attacked by chelura, nor 

 teredo, nor termites, and therefore much sought for jetties and other 

 structures exposed to sea water, also for any underground-work, 

 telegraph-poles, and largely exported for railway-sleepers. Vessels 

 built wf this timber have been enabled to do away with copper- 

 plating. For jetties the piles are used round, and they do not split 

 when rammed even into limestone or other hard foundations, provided 

 the timber is of the best hard kind (Walker and Swan). The 

 Oovernment Clerk of Works at Perth observes, that he took up piles 

 in 1877, which were driven for a whaling jetty in 1834, and that the 

 timber was perfectly sound, although the place was swarming with 

 teredo. At the jetty in Fremantle, piles thirty years old and others 

 one year old could scarcely be distinguished. The durability of the 

 timber seems largely attributable to Kino-red, allied to phlobaphen, of 

 which it contains about 15 to 17 per cent. Of kino-tannin it con- 

 tains 4 to 5 per cent. It is of a close grain and a slightly oily and 

 resinous nature ; it works well, makes a fine finish, and is by local 

 ship-builders considered superior to either sal, teak or any other wood, 

 except perhaps English oak or live-oak. In West- Australia it is much 

 used for flooring, rafters, shingles; also for furniture, as it is easily 

 worked, takes a good polish and then looks very beautiful. It is not 

 too hard, and hence is more easily worked than E. redunca and E. 

 loxophleba. The wood from the hills is darker, tougher and heavier 

 than that from the plains. Well-seasoned timber weighs about 64 Ibs. 



