

in Extra-Tropical Countries. 165 





Fraxinus ornus, Linn& 



The Manna-Ash of the Mediterranean regions, extending to Austria 

 and Switzerland. Height about 30 feet. Hardy still at Christiania. 

 It yields the medicinal manna by incisions into the bark, which is done 

 only on one side of the stem each year. F. ornus is well adapted for 

 a promenade-tree/and is earlier in foliage than F. excelsior, F. Ameri- 

 cana and most other Ash-trees. 



Fraxinus quadrangulata, Michaux.* 



The Blue Ash of North- America, from Michigan to Tennessee. 

 One of the tallest of the Ashes, becoming 70 feet high. Timber 

 excellent, better than that of any other American species except the 

 White Ash, hence .frequently in use for flooring and shingles. The 

 inner bark furnishes a blue dye. The tree requires a rather mild clime 

 and the most fertile soil. 



Fraxinus sambucifolia, Lamarck. 



Black or Water-Ash of Eastern North- America. Attains a height 

 of 80 feet. Wood still more tough and elastic than that of F. Ameri- 

 cana, but less durable when exposed; easily split into thin layers for 

 basket-work; it is also comparatively rich in potash, like that of most 

 of its congeners; for oars and implements it is inferior to that of the 

 White Ash (Simmonds). F. nigra (Marsh) is the oldest name. 



Fraxinus viridis, Michaux. 



The Green Ash of Eastern North- America. Height reaching 70 

 feet. Wood excellent, nearly as valuable as that of the White Ash, 

 but of less dimensions. The tree requires wet, shady woodlands. 

 Especially recommended for street-planting by Dr. J. Warder. This 

 species, like the preceding, is hardy as far north as Christiania in 

 Norway (Schuebeler). Rate of circumferential stem-growth in 

 Nebraska 30 inches in 22 years (Furnas). -. .- 



Fuchsia racemosa, Lamarck. 



Mountains of Hayti. One of the species with edible berries of very 

 good taste. Another Fuchsia occurs in cold regions of Guatemala up 

 to 10,000 feet high, with orange- colored flowers and with tasty whole- 

 some berries, the latter an inch and a half long. F. excorticata 

 (Linne fil.) of New Zealand extends there far south, and is perhaps as 

 hardy as F. Magellanica (Lamarck); it rises to 30 feet, if not. higher, 

 and gains a stem-diameter of 3 feet. 



Garcinia Travancorica, Beddome. 



Madras-Presidency, up to elevations of 4,500 feet. This seems to 

 be the hardiest of the superior Gamboge-trees; hence there is some 

 prospect of its prospering in forests of the warmer temperate zone. 



Garuleum bipinnatum, Lessing. 



South- Africa. A perennial herb of medicinal properties; praised 

 like numerous other plants there and elsewhere as an alexipharmic, 

 but all requiring close re-investigation in this respect. 



