180 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



under the exclusion of atmospheric air, constitutes Hufeland's meal 

 for invalids. Barley-culture can be carried on even in alpine regions. 

 Marly and calcareous lands are particularly fit for rearing this cereal 

 grass. It resists moderate spring-frosts. As much as 100 bushels of 

 Cape-barley have been obtained from an acre of land in volcanic soil 

 of Victoria as a first harvest. 



Hordeum hexastichon, Linne.* 



Orient. The regular Six-rowed Barley. In cultivation already 

 during the stone-age (Heer). This includes among other varieties 

 the Red, the Scotch, the Square- and the Bear-barley. Seeds less 

 uniform in size than those of H. distichon. The so-called skinless 

 variety is that, in which the grain separates from the bracts. Lange- 

 thal observes, that it is most easily raised, requires less seed-grain 

 than ordinary barley, has firmer stems, is less subject to the rust- 

 disease and to bending down. 



Hordeum secalinum, Schreber.* (H. nodosum, Smith ; H. pratense, 

 Hudson. ) 



Europe, Northern and Middle Asia, North-America. Perennial. 

 Famed as the best fattening grass of many of the somewhat brackish 

 marsh-pastures on the North Sea. It never fruits, when kept down 

 by cattle, and finally suppresses nearly all other grasses and weeds. 



Hordeum vulgare, Linne.* 



Orient. The Four-rowed Barley, though rather six-rowed with two 

 prominent rows. Of less antiquity than H. distichon and H. 

 hexastichon. Several varieties occur, among them: the Spring- and 

 Winter-barley, Black barley, the Russian, the French, the Naked and 

 the Wheat-barley. Pearl-barley is obtained from the winter-variety, 

 which also surpasses Summer-barley in rigor of stems and rich and 

 early yield, it being the earliest cereal in the season; the straw is 

 copious and nutritious, and the grain is rich in gluten, hence far better 

 adapted for flour than for malt. Summer-barley also passes under the 

 name of Sand-barley. It is inferior in yield to H. distichon, but is 

 content with a less fertile, even sandy soil, and comes to ripeness in a 

 month's less time. In alpine regions it ripens with a summer of sixty 

 or seventy days without frost. In Norway it can be grown to lat. 

 70 (Schuebeler). The Naked barley is superior to many other varie- 

 ties for peeled barley, but inferior for brewing; the grain is also apt 

 to drop (Langethal). Malt is important as an antiscorbutic remedy. 

 Chemical principles of malt: asparagin, a protein substance, diastase, 

 an acid and cholesterin fat. Maltine is a therapeutic extract. 



Hordeum zeocriton, Linne.* 



Central Asia. A Two-rowed Barley. To this species belong the 

 Sprat, the Battledore, the Fulham- and the Putney-barley, the Rice- 

 barley, the Turkish barley and the Dinkel. This species might be 

 regarded as a variety of H. distichon. The grains do not drop spon- 

 taneously, and this kind is securer than others against sparrows; 

 requires however a superior soil and is harder in straw (Laugethal). 



