

in Extra-Tropical Countries. 1 89 



particularly sought for furniture, panels of coaches, corn-shovels, 

 wooden dishes and similar implements, as it is not heavy nor liable to 

 split. Splendid for select posts and rails needing durability ; it is 

 soft and therefore easily worked. This tree with J. nigra endures 

 even the severe frosts of St. Petersburg, where the Caryas can no 

 longer be maintained (Regel). The kernel of the nuts is more oily 

 than that of the ordinary walnut; taste similar to that of Brazil-nuts. 

 The leaves, bark and husk are of medicinal importance, and so are 

 those of other species. The sap is saccharine (C. Koch). 



Juglans cordiformis, Maximo wicz. 



Japan. This species approaches in many respects J. Sieboldiana. 



Juglans Mandschurica, Maximowicz. 



Corea and Mandschuria. This Walnut is allied to J. cinerea of 

 North-America. Wood splendid for cabinet-work. The nuts avail- 

 able as well for the table as for oil-factories. 



Juglans nigra, Linn<$.* 



Black Walnut-tree. Eastern North -America. Attains a height of 

 80 feet; trunk grows to 6 feet in diameter; fond of rich forest-land. 

 Quicker of growth than the European walnut-tree, but the wood not 

 so easily worked (Meehan). Maximum rate of circumferential stem- 

 growth in Nebraska 4 feet at 2 feet from the ground in 16 years 

 (Furnas). The tree will bear fruit after 10 years, giving, when ot 

 large size, 10 to 15 or even 20 bushels in a season, realizing as much 

 as 4 shillings per bushel. The tree is hardy still in Christiania, 

 Norway. Wood most ornamental, purplish-brown, turning dark with 

 age, strong, tough, not liable to warp nor to split; not attacked by 

 insects. Supplies three-fourths of the material for hardwood-furniture 

 in the United States (Sargent), and fetches there the highest price. 

 Wood stored for many years is the best for gun-stocks, and used 

 also for musical instruments. For the sake of its compactness, 

 durability and its susceptibility to high polish, it is much 

 sought for elegant furniture, stair-rails and other select purposes. 

 Seeds more oily than the European walnut. The tree extends in a 

 slightly altered variety to Bolivia and Argentina. 



Juglans regia, Linn.* 



The ordinary Walnut-tree of Europe, indigenous in Hungary 

 (Heuffel) and Greece (Heldreich), extending from the Black Sea to 

 Beloochistan and Burmah, and seemingly also occurring in North- 

 China, preferentially in calcareous soil. It attains a height of fully 

 100 feet, and lives many centuries. Professor Schuebeler found it 

 hardy in Norway to lat. 63 35', bearing fruit occasionally; in lat. 

 60 14' it attained still a height of nearly 50 feet and a stem-circum- 

 ference of 13 feet. An aged walnut-tree at Mentraore had a circum- 

 ference of 12-| feet at 4 feet from the ground, its branches spreading 

 diametrically to about 100 feet (Masters). Wood light and tough, 

 much sought for gun-stocks, the exterior of pianofortes and the 



