in Extra- Tropical Countries. 191 



a reddish, soft and fine-grained wood, suitable for pencils (Hoopes). 

 Probably identical with it is the Himalayan Pencil-Cedar (Juniperus 

 religiosa, Royle). The timber of some other tall Junipers needs 

 tests. 



Juniperus communis, Linn& 



Colder parts of Europe, Asia, North- Africa and North-America, 

 ascending the European Alps to 8,000 feet, the Indian mountains to 

 14,000 feet. In Norway it is indigenous to lat. 71 10', and under 

 60 10' it attains still a height of 40 feet (Professor Schuebeler). 

 One of the three native Coniferae of Britain. The berry-like fruits 

 are of medicinal value, also used in the preparation of gin. Important 

 for fuel in the coldest regions. Will grow on almost pure sand. 



Juniperus drupacea, La Billardiere. 



Plum-Juniper. A very handsome long-leaved species, the " Habhel" 

 of Syria. It attains a height of 30 feet, and produces a sweet edible 

 fruit, highly esteemed throughout the Orient. 



Juniperus excelsa, Bieberstein. 



In Asia Minor, 2,000 to 6,000 feet above the sea-level. Extends 

 to the Himalayas, where its range of elevation is from 5,000 to 14,000 

 feet. A stately tree, to 90 feet high. Trunk short, but of great 

 girth, over 20 feet circumference being known according to Stewart 

 and Brandis, who refer to this the J. Chineusis of Parlatore. 



Juniperus flaccida, Schlechtendal. 



In Mexico, at from 5,000 to 7,000 feet altitude. A tree reaching 

 30 feet in height, rich in sandarac-like resin. 



Juniperus foetidissima, Willdenow. 



A tall and beautiful tree in Armenia and Tauria, also on the Balkan 

 and in North-Greece, at from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. 



Juniperus Mexicana, Schiede. 



Mexico, at elevations from 7,000 to 11,000 feet. A straight 

 tree, sometimes to 90 feet high; stem to three feet in diameter, exuding 

 copiously a resin similar to sandarac. 



Juniperus occidentalis, Hooker. 



North-California and Oregon, ascending to 5,000 feet. A straight 

 tree, to as much as 80 feet high, with a stem reaching often 3 feet in 

 diameter. Wood pale, comparatively hard, close-grained, thrives well 

 among rocks. 



Juniperus Phcenicea, Linn. 



South-Europe and Orient. A small tree, yielding an aromatic 

 resin. 



Juniperus procera, Hochstetter. 



In Abyssinia and Arabia. A stately tree, furnishing a hard, useful 

 timber. 



