in Extra- Tropical Countries'. 207 



author, has shown, that the foliage is as good a food for silkworms 

 as that of the white mulberry, and the silk produced in no way 

 inferior to ordinary silk. Leaves not too succulent are preferable. [Cf. 

 also Riley, publications of the United States Department of Agricul- 

 ture 1877]. M. tinctoria (D. Don) furnishes the Fustic-wood of 

 Central and Southern America. 



Madura excelsa, Planchon. 



West-Africa, on mountains up to 3,000 feet elevation. Height of 

 tree often 150 feet. The wood is remarkably durable and tough, 

 beautifully dark-brown and veined. Birds feed on the fruit. 



Maclura Mora, Grisebach. 



North-Argentina. A high tree. Wood greatly esteemed for its 

 density and toughness; fruit edible (Dr. Lorentz). 



Magnolia hypoleuca, Siebold. 



Japan. A stately tree, with very large and whorled leaves. 

 Trunk to a foot in diameter. Wood remarkably flexile; used for many 

 kinds of utensils. Worthy of introduction as a magnificent garden- 

 object (Christy). 



Magnolia macrophylla, Michaux. 



Eastern States of North- America. Although not cultivated for 

 any special purposes of the arts or of technics, yet this tree is 

 admitted into this list as one of the grandest of its kind, as well in 

 foliage as flowers. It attains a height of about 60 feet ; its leaves 

 are from 1 to 3 feet long, while its flowers attain a diameter of fully 

 1 foot. M. grandiflora, L., attains a height of 100 feet, and a stem- 

 diameter of 3 feet on the Mississippi; it bears the winter of Phila- 

 delphia. M. acuminata, L., and M. Fraseri, Walter, are also large 

 trees. The flowers of all exude much honey-nectar for bees. 



Maharanga Emodi, A. de Candolle. 



Nepal. The root produces, like that of Alkanna tinctoria, a 

 red dye. 



Malachra capitata, Linne". 



Tropical America. A tall herb, annual, or of more than one year's 

 duration. Its fibre is obtainable to lengths of 9 feet; it is of a silky 

 lustre, and equal in technical value to Jute (O'Connor). . 



Mallotus Philippinensis, J. Mueller. (Rottlera tinctoria, Roxburgh.) 



South- Asia and East- Australia, in jungle-country, extending into 

 New South Wales. A bush or tree, attaining, according to Mr. 

 O'Shanesy, a height of about 60 feet. Though not of great import- 

 ance, this plant should not be passed on this occasion, inasmuch as 

 the powdery substance, investing the seed-capsules, constitutes the 

 Kamala, which can be employed not only as an orange-dye, but also 

 as an anthelmintic remedy. The Hindo silk-dyers produce the 

 color by boiling the Kamala with carbonate of soda. 



