270 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



Finns bracteata, D. Don. 



Southern California, up to 6,000 feet. A very handsome fir, at- 

 taining about 150 feet in height, forming a slender, perfectly straight 

 stem, not more than two feet in diameter. A somewhat older name 

 is P. venusta (Douglas). The resin is used for incense. The young 

 shoots, according to Hemsley, injured by spring-frosts in Britain. 



Pinus Brunoniana, Wallich. (P. dumosa, D. Don.) 



Himalaya, descending to 8,000 and ascending to 10,500 feet. This 

 fir attains a height of about 120 feet, and the stem a circumference 

 of 28 feet (Sir J. D. Hooker). Particularly eligible for alpine tracts. 

 The timber is pale and soft, and does not stand exposure well. 



Pinus Canadensis, Linn<5. 



" Hemlock-Spruce." In Canada and over a great part of the 

 United States, on high mountains, as well as on undulating land. A 

 very ornamental fir, to about 100 feet high, with a pale cross-grained 

 wood, remarkably durable when used for submerged water-works; 

 also employed for railway-ties. According to Vasey it is one of the 

 most graceful of spruces, with a light and spreading spray. Schacht 

 saw aged stems on which 440 wood-rings could be counted. Can be 

 kept trimmed for hedges. Next to P. Strobus it is the highest pine 

 of the Eastern States of North-America. The tree is extremely 

 valuable on account of its bark, which is much used as a tanning 

 material, containing 9 to 14 per cent, tannin; this is much liked as an 

 admixture to oak-bark for particular leathers of great toughness, 

 wearing strength and resistance to water. The extract of the bark 

 for tanning fetches in the London market from 16 to 18 a ton, 

 and is imported to the extent of 6,000 tons a year ; the bark is stripped 

 off during the summer-months. The young shoots are used in making 

 spruce-beer. P. Caroliniensis is the Hemlock- Spruce of Carolina. 

 The bark is in medicinal use also. 



Pinus Canariensis, C. Smith.* 



Canary-Pine. Canary-Islands, forming large forests at an elevation 

 of 5,000 to 6,000 feet. A tree, reaching the height of 80 feet, with 

 a resinous, durable, very heavy wood, not readily attacked by insects. 

 It thrives well in Victoria, and shows celerity of growth. Will en- 

 dure an occasional shade-temperature of 118 F. (W. J. Winter). 

 Growth in height at Port Phillip 45-50 feet in 20 years. 



Pinus Cedrus, Linn&* 



Cedar of Lebanon. Together with the Atlas-variety on the moun- 

 tains of Lebanon and Taurus, also in North-Africa and Cyprus. The 

 tree grows to a height of about 100 feet, with a heavy trunk some- 

 times 46 feet in circumference (Booth) and attains a very great age. 

 Goeppert and Russegger allot to Lebanon-Cedars an age reaching to 

 the commencement of the Christian era. The wood is of a light- 

 reddish color, soft, almost inodorous, easy to work, and much esteemed 

 for its durability. 



