in Extra-Tropical Countries. 271 



Pinus Cedrus, var. Deodara.* 



Deodar-Cedar. On the north-western Himalaya-Mountains, also 

 in Afghanistan, 3,000 to 12,000 feet above the sea-level. A majestic 

 tree, reaching a hight of more than 300 feet, and sometimes over 40 feet 

 in circumference of stem. The wood is of a light-yellow color, very 

 close-grained and resinous, strongly and agreeably scented, light, ex- 

 tremely durable, well resisting the vicissitudes of a changeable clime, 

 and furnishes one of the best building-timbers known. Pillars of 

 Kashmir-mosques made of this wood are found sound after 400 years, 

 and bridges of still greater antiquity are in existence. White ants 

 hardly ever attack the heartwood. Boats built of this wood have 

 lasted about forty years. It is also extensively used for canal-edges 

 and for railways. The tree should not be felled too young. It yields 

 a good deal of resin and turpentine. A humid clime very much 

 accelerates the growth of this pine, which would come best and 

 quickest to its development in forest-ranges. Deodars will endure, 

 when not too young, an exceptional temperature of 118 F. in the 

 shade (W. J. Winter). Rate of growth at Port Phillip, 40 to 50 feet 

 height in 20 years. 



Pinus Cembra, Linn<. 



On the European Alps, also in Siberia and Tartary, extending to 

 Kamtschatka, the Kuriles and arctic America. Less hardy than P. 

 Laricio, although from high Alps; still it grows to a height of 60 

 feet at Christiania (Schuebeler). The "Zirbel-Pine" attains a height 

 of about 120 feet, the stem gets fully 4 feet in diameter, but the growth 

 is slow. The wood is of a yellow color, soft and resinous, of an 

 extremely fine texture, and is extensively used for carving and cabinet- 

 work. The seeds are edible, and when pressed yield a great quantity 

 of oil, as much as 47 per cent., according to Schuppe. A particular 

 turpentine is also obtained from this pine, called Carpathian-balsam. 



Pinus cembroides, Zuccarini. (P. Llaveana, Schiede and Deppe.) 



Mexican Swamp-Pine. A small tree to 30 feet high, growing at 

 elevations from 8,000 to 10,000 feet. The timber is not of much use, 

 but the seeds are edible and wholesome, and have a very agreeable 

 taste. 



Pinus Cilicica, Antoine and Kotschy. 



Cilician Silver-Fir. Asia Minor. 4,000 to 6,500 feet above sea- 

 level. A handsome tree of pyramidal growth, to 160 feet high. 

 Quite hardy in climes like that of Vienna. The wood is very soft, 

 and used extensively for the roofs of houses, as it does not warp. 



Pinus concolor, Engelmann. 



The great White Silver-Fir. North- Western America, at elevations 

 of 8,000 to 9,000 feet. A fir reaching 150 feet in height; trunk to 

 4 feet in diameter. The wood is tough, eligible for building-purposes 

 and other substantial work (Vasey). It does not warp, shrinks hardly 

 at all, makes choice ceilings, and needs less paint than most other 

 timber (Kellogg). 



