272 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



Pinus contorta, Douglas. (P. Bolandri, Parlatore.) 



On high damp ranges in California, Oregon and British North- 

 Western America; also abundant on the mountains of Colorado; very 

 eligible for clothing rocky hill-sides (Meehan). In California this 

 pine forms dense thickets along the coast, and is in this respect as 

 valuable as P. Laricio, P. Pinaster and P. Halepensis in Europe, as 

 a shelter-tree in stormy localities. Dr. Gibbons remarks of this pine, 

 which vernacularly is called Tamarak or Hack-me-tack, that its size 

 has generally been underrated. At the foot of the Sierra and on 

 mountains 8,000 feet high he saw it in great numbers, forming one of 

 the most stately of forest-pines, not rarely attaining a height of 150 

 feet and 4 feet in stem-diameter. The timber is pale, straight-grained 

 and very light; there considered the best and most durable material 

 for dams and for general building purposes. It furnishes sea-ports 

 with piles and 'masts; yields also railway-ties. Its value is beyond 

 calculation. Dr. Gr. Dawson notes, that the cambium-layer is so sac- 

 charine as to afford food to the autochthones. This species includes 

 P. Murrayana, Balfour. 



Pinus Coulteri, D. Don. 



California, on the eastern slope of the coast-range, at elevations 

 from 3,000 to 4,000 feet. A pine of quick growth, attaining a height 

 of about 100 feet, with a trunk about 4 feet in diameter; with P. 

 Ayacahuite, P. Montezurna?, P. Larabertiana, P. Sabiniana and P. 

 excelsa it has the largest cones of all pines, comparable in size and 

 form to sugar-loaves. The nuts are nutritious (Vasey). 



Pinus Cubensis, Grisebach. (P. Elliottii, Engelmann.) 



Swamp-Pine, Slash- or Bastard-Pine. Higher mountains of Cuba, 

 also in the Southern States of Eastern North- America. Allied to P. 

 Teeda. Likes moist, sandy, flat lands. Height of tree to 120 feet, 

 of clear stem to 70 feet; growth comparatively quick, overpowering 

 P. Australis. Yields some turpentine and resin (Prof. C. Mohr). 



Pinus densiflora, Siebold and Zuccarini. 



The " Akamatsou-Pine " of Japan, where it forms along with P. 

 Thunbergi extensive forests at 1,000 to 2,000 feet above sea-level. 

 It is hardy at Christiania. Attains an age of several centuries (Rein). 

 The timber is excellent for building; it is less resinous than that of 

 P. Thunbergi (Dupont). 



Pinus Douglash, Sabine.* 



Oregon-Pine or Fir, called also the Yellow Pine or Fir of Puget- 

 Sound, where it yields the principal timber for export, and is therefore 

 of great commercial value in the lumber-trade. It extends from 

 Vancouver's Island and the Columbia-River through California to 

 Northern Mexico, from the coast up to the higher mountains of 9,000 

 feet. The maximum height known is nearly 400 feet; the greatest 

 diameter of the stem 14 feet. Can be grown very closely, when the 

 stems will attain, according to Drs. Kellogg and Newberry, a height 



