296 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



Populus ciliata, Wallich. 



Himalaya, from 4,000 to 10,000 feet. Height as much as 70 feet, 

 with a straight trunk, which attains 10 feet in girth. 



Populus Buphratica, Olivier. 



From Algeria dispersed to the Himalayas and Songaria, up to 

 13,500 feet. Height to 50 feet. Wood harder than that of most 

 poplars, the inner wood turning blackish in old trees. It is used for 

 planking and boat-building (Stewart and Brandis), also for beams, 

 rafters, boxes, panelling, turnery. Cattle will browse on the leaves. 

 This is the Willow of the 137th Psalm (C. Koch). 



Populus Fremontii, S. Watson. 



California and adjoining States on river-banks. Tree, attaining 

 about 150 feet in height and 4J feet in stem-diameter; leaves large. 

 Much lauded for shading road-sides and promenades, for which how- 

 ever the staminate trees should only be selected. Wood less white 

 than that of P. tremuloides, excellent for dry goods, fruit- butter- and 

 salt-boxes, trays, bowls and other articles; outer bark a fair substi- 

 tute for cork. The foliage brightens splendidly in autumn. Wood 

 convertible into paper-pulp (Dr. Kellogg). 



Populus grandidentata, Michaux. 



The Soft Aspen. Eastern North-America. To 80 feet high. 

 Wood whitish, soft, very light; can be ground into pulp for paper. 

 The oldest name seems P. deltoides, Marsh. 



Populus heterophylla, Linne*. 



The Downy Poplar of North- America, passing also by the name of 

 Cottonwood. Height often 60 feet. The wood is very pale, soft and 

 fissile. All poplars, like willows, are very important to eliminate 

 miasma by absorbing humidity to an enormous extent from stagnant 

 swampy localities; they are likewise good scavengers of back-yards; 



Populus monilifera, Aiton.* (P. Canadensis, Moench.) 



The Cottonwood-tree of North- America, extending to. New 

 Mexico. Height to 150 feet; stem to 8 feet in diameter. Moench's 

 name is the oldest for this species (C. Koch). One of the best 

 poplars for the production of timber, which is soft, light, easy to work, 

 suited for carving and turnery; it is durable if kept dry, and does not 

 readily take fire. The wooden polishing-wheels of glass-grinders are 

 made of horizontal sections of the whole stem, about one inch thick, 

 as from its softness the wood readily imbibes the polishing material. 

 It is also useful for rails and boards, and supplies a fair fuel. Judge 

 Whitning says, that it has no rival in quickness of growth among 

 deciduous trees. Governor Furnas found the stem-girth in Nebraska 

 reaching to 93 inches in eleven years at 2 feet above ground. 

 Recommended by Wessely, together with P. alba and P. nigra, for 

 fixing drift-sand, on which these poplars never become suffocated. 

 It is advisable, to obtain cuttings from male trees only, for planting 



