320 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



Reseda odorata, 



The true Mignonette. North-Africa and Syria. A favorite 

 garden-herb of one or very few years duration. The delicate scent 

 can best be concentrated and removed by enfleurage. To be counted 

 also among the honey-plants. Mess. Dippe in Quedlinburg devote 

 regularly about 50 acres to rearing of mignonettes for seeds. 



Rhagodia Billardieri, R. Brown. 



Extra-tropical Australia. An important bush for binding moving 

 sand on sea-shores. Resists the severest gales as well as the spray 

 of the sea. 



Rhagodia nutans, R. Brown. 



Southern, Eastern and Central Australia. This, as well as the 

 allied R. hastata, is a good fodder-herb for saltbush-runs. Some 

 other species, mostly shrubby, are equally valuable. 



Rhamnus Alaternus, Lhm. 



Countries around the Mediterranean Sea. A hedge-shrub, becoming 

 arborescent, thus gaining a height of 20 feet. It strikes readily 

 from cuttings. G. Don admits it as a splendid honey-plant. 



Rhamnus alnifolius, L'H^ritier. (R. Purshianus, D.C.) 



From Oregon to California and British Columbia. Allied to R. 

 Carolinianus (Walter). Reaches a height of about 20 feet. Leaves 

 deciduous. This species furnishes as "Cascara Sagrada" its bark 

 famed for cathartic properties ; the fruits are also powerfully aperient, 



Rhamnus catharticus, C. Bauhin. 



The Buckthorn. Middle and Southern Europe, North- Africa, 

 Middle Asia. It can be utilized as a hedge-plant. The berries are 

 of medicinal value, as indicated by the specific name. The foliage 

 and bark can be employed for the preparation of a yellow and green 

 dye; the juice of the fruit mixed with alum constitutes the " sap- 

 green " of painters. The plant is hardy in Norway to lat. 60 48'. 

 R. Dahuricus (Pallas) is a closely cognate species. 



Rhamnus chlorophorus, Lindley. 



China. From the bark a superior green pigment is prepared. 

 R. utilis, from the same country, serves for the like purpose. This 

 kind of dye is particularly used for silk, and is known as Lokao. 



Rhamnus Frangula, Linn. 



Europe, North- Africa, Northern and Western Asia. Endures the 

 climate of Norway to lat. 64 30' (Schuebeler). A tall shrub, with 

 deciduous leaves. The flowers are particularly grateful to bees (G. 

 Don). The wood one of the very best woods for gunpowder. Recom- 

 mended by Sir Joseph Hooker to be grown on the coppice-system for 

 this purpose. The bark is valuable as a cathartic; yields also a 

 yellow dye. R. purpureus (Edgeworth) is an allied Himalayan, 

 species. 



