330 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



profusely in the cool season. From the flowers of this extremely tall 

 climbing species also essential oil is obtained. The attar thus 

 derived from roses of not only different varieties, but even distinct 

 species, must necessarily be of various qualities. In the Balkan- 

 mountains, on basalt-slopes facing south, the most odorous roses are 

 produced. At Kesanlik rose-distillation is the main - industry. 

 Shoots of rose-bushes are placed in trenches 3 feet deep and 5 feet 

 apart. Irrigation promotes the growth. The gathering commences 

 in the third and lasts till about the fifteenth year (Simmonds). The 

 pure oil as a European commodity is worth from 20 to 23 per 

 pound. This is also the rose, according to Schlagintweit, used for 

 attar-distillation in Tunis. Pure attar, valued at 30 shillings per 

 ounce, is produced in Roumelia to the amount of 80,000 annually 

 (Piesse). 



Rosa sempervirens, Linne. 



From South-Europe through Southern Asia to Japan. Hardy still 

 at Christiania. One of the best rose-bushes for covering walls, 

 fences and similar structures. The flowers of this species also can be 

 utilized for rose-oil. 



Rosa setigera, Michaux. 



North-Eastern America, where it is the only climbing rose-bush. 

 It deserves introduction on account of its extremely rapid growth, 

 10 to 20 feet in a season. Its flowers however are nearly inodorous. 

 Other original species of roses are worthy of our attention, Sir 

 Joseph Hooker admitting about thirty, all from the northern hemi- 

 sphere. But on the snow-clad uuascended mountains of New Guinea 

 and Africa south of the equator, perhaps new roses may yet be 

 discovered, as they have been traced southward to Abyssinia already. 



Rosa spinosissima, Linn. 



Europe, North-Africa, Middle and Northern Asia. The Burnet- 

 Rose. Adapted for holding coast-sands; unapproachable to pasture- 

 animals, and not spreading into culture-land or pastures like the 

 sweetbrier, R. rubigiiiosa, L. 



Rosmarinus officinalis, Linn. 



The Rosemary. Countries around the Mediterranean Sea, extend- 

 ing to Switzerland. This well-known bush is mentioned here as a 

 medicinal plant. One of our best plants for large garden-edgings. The 

 oil, distilled from its foliage, enters into certain compositions of per- 

 fumery; one cwt. of fresh herb yields about 24 ounces of oil (Piesse). 

 The flowers are much sought by bees. Vilmorin states that the 

 seeds will keep for about four years; but the propagation from 

 cuttings is easy also. 



Rottboellia ophiuroides, Bentham. 



Tropical East- Australia. A tall perennial grass, praised by Mr. 

 Walter Hill for fodder. Hardy in regions free of frost. 



