in Extra-Tropical Countries. 333 



Rubus fruticosus, Linn.* 



The ordinary Bramble or Blackberry-bush. All Europe, North- 

 and South- Africa, Middle and Northern Asia. Hardy in Norway to 

 lat. 60 24'. The shrub bears well in a temperate clime. In some 

 countries it is a favorite plant for hedges. It likes above all calca- 

 reous soil, though it is content with almost any, and deserves to be 

 naturalized on the rivulets of any ranges. R. corylifolius (Smith), 

 R. suberectus (Andrews) and R. leucostachys (Smith) are varieties 

 like many other named kinds of European blackberries, or perhaps 

 belong to the closely allied R. caesius; or in some instances hybrid- 

 forms may have arisen from the two, although the generality of these 

 various blackberry-bushes bear their fruit freely enough. 



Rubus geoides, Smith. 



Falkland-Islands, Fuegia, Patagonia and Chiloe. An herbaceous 

 kind of raspberry-plant with greenish-yellow fruits, resembling the 

 Cloudberry, and possessing a very agreeable taste. Best adapted for 

 mountainous regions. 



Rubus Havaiensis, A. Gray. 



Sandwich-Islands. The fruit of this bramble-shrub is raspberry- 

 like. 



Rubus Idaeus, Linn<*.* 



The ordinary Raspberry-bush. Europe and Northern Asia, east- 

 ward to Japan. In Norway hardy to lat. 70 22'. It is mentioned 

 here to point out the desirability of naturalizing the plant on moun- 

 tains and on river-banks. The fruits contain a stearopten. The 

 leaves are sometimes used as a substitute for tea. 



Rubus imperialis, Chamisso. 



Brazil and Argentina. Furnishes superior fruits. 



Rubus lasiocarpus, Smith. 



India, reaching in the Himalayas an elevation of about 10,000 feet, 

 in Ceylon of 7,000 feet, in Java of 6,000 feet. The fruit is very 

 palatable. R. opulifolius (Bertoloni) is closely allied. R. lanatiis 

 (Wallich) affords also edible but rather insipid fruits in Upper 

 India (Atkinson). 



Rubus Moluccanus, Linn<$. (K. rugosus, Smith.) 



India, continental as well as insular, there ascending to 7,000 

 feet, advancing southward through New Guinea and East- Australia 

 to Gippsland, northward to China and eastward to the Philippine- 

 Islands and Fiji. A very tall and variable species. Fruit red. A 

 variety, R. reticulatus (Wallich), ascends the Indian mountains to 

 10,000 feet (Sir J. Hooker), and is remarkable for its large fruit. 

 The plant proved hardy at Christiania. It ripens in warm climes its 

 fruits all the year round. R. tiliaceus (Smith) is an allied congener 

 from the same region. 



