in Extra-Tropical Countries. 345 



Sanseviera Zeilanica, Willdenow. 



India. This thick-leaved liliaceous plant should not be passed in 

 this enumeration, as it has proved hardy in temperate climes, free 

 from frost. Four pounds of leaves give nearly one pound of fibre, 

 which unites softness and silky lustre with extraordinary strength 

 and tenacity, serving in its native country particularly for bow-strings. 

 The plant might be left to itself for continued growth in rocky 

 unutilized places. Several species, South- Asiatic as well as African, 

 exist. 



Santalum album, C. Bauhin. 



India, ascending to the temperate elevations of Mysore. A small 

 or middle-sized tree, famed for its fragrant wood and roots. In the 

 drier and stony parts of ranges the greatest fragrance of the wood is 

 generated. S. Freycinetianum (Gaudichaud) produces santal-wood 

 on the mountains of Hawaia up to 3,000 feet. Several other species 

 occur in Polynesia. The precious santal-oil is obtained by slow 



. distillation from the heartwood and root, the yield being about two 

 and a half per cent. It is worth about 3 per pound, and important 



, not only for cosmetic but also for medicinal purposes. Santalum 

 Austro-Caledonicum (Vieillard), from New Caledonia, furnishes there 

 santal-wood, excellent for strength and agreeableness of odor (Sim- 

 monds). 



Santalum cygnorum, Miquel. 



South-Western Australia, where this small tree furnishes scented 

 santal-wood. The wood on distillation yields nearly 2 per cent, oil 

 (Seppelt). 



Santalum Preissianum, Miquel. (S. acuminatum, A. de Candolle.) 



The Quandong. Desert-country of extra-tropical Australia. The 

 fruits of this small tree are called Native Peaches. As both the 

 succulent outer part and kernel are edible, it is advisable to raise the 

 plant in desert-tracts. Dromedaries, according to Mr. E. Giles, feed 

 on the foliage. 



Santalum Yasi, Seemann. 



The Santal-tree of the Fiji-Islands, where it grows on dry and 

 rocky hills. It is likely to prove hardy, and deserves, with a few 

 other species from the South-Sea Islands yielding scented wood, test- 

 culture in warm temperate regions. 



Santolina Cyparissias, Linne". 



Countries on the Mediterranean Sea. A very aromatic and hand- 

 some bush, of medicinal value. There are several allied species. 



Saponaria officinalis, Linn<$. 



The Soapwort or Fuller's Herb. Europe, Northern and Western 

 Asia. Hardy jn Norway to lat. 63 26' (Schuebeler). A perennial 

 herb of some technologic interest, as the root can be employed with 

 advantage in some final processes of washing silk and wool, to which 



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