380 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



disseminated readily ; but it is annual. Several other native clovers 

 occur in Western North -America; 25 are described from California. 



Trifolium hybridum, Linn.* 



The Alsike-Clover. Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia. 

 Wild in Norway to lat. 63 50'. A valuable perennial pasture-herb, 

 particularly for swampy locah'ties. It succeeds, where the ground 

 becomes too sandy for lucerne and too wet for red clover, but does 

 not withstand drought so well, while it produces a heavier bulk of 

 forage than white clover, and maintains its ground, when the soil 

 has become too much exhausted for other clovers. The seed being 

 very small, less than half the quantity is required for the same area as 

 of red clover. Much frequented by bees for honey. 



Trifolium incarnatum, Linn. 



The Carnation-Clover, also called Crimson or Italian Clover. In 

 Norway it can be grown to lat. 70 22'. Southern Europe, extending 

 naturally to Switzerland. Though annual only, or sometimes biennial, 

 it is valued in some of the systems of rotations of crops. In the 

 south of England it is much sown on harrowed stubble-fields, to 

 obtain an early feed of great fattening value. It forms particularly 

 a good fodder for sheep, and is recommended especially for gypsum- 

 regions. A white-flowering variety exists. Bees are very fond of 

 this clover (Darwin). 



Trifolium medium, Linn. 



The Red Zigzag-Clover. Europe, Northern and Middle Asia. 

 Indigenous in Norway to lat 63 26' (Schuebeler). A deep-rooting, 

 wide-creeping perennial herb, much better adapted for dry sandy 

 places than.T. pratense. It would also endure the inclemency of the 

 clime of alpine heights, if disseminated there; also one of the best of 

 clovers for forest-regions. For regular culture it needs lime, like 

 most plants of its class. More hardy than T. hybridum, less produc- 

 tive than T. pratense (Langethal). It ought not to be omitted among 

 mixed clovers and grasses. According to Morton it is not so much 

 sought and relished by grazing-animals as many other clovers. T. 

 Quartinianum (A. Richard) is an allied plant from Abyssinia, where 

 several endemic species exist. 



Trifolium montanum, Linn. 



Europe, Western Asia. Perennial. Not without importance for 

 limy or marly ground. It is indigenous northward to Christiania. 



Trifolium ochroleucum, Linne. 



Pale-yellow Clover. Middle and Southern Europe, Western Asia. 

 Perennial. This species is much cultivated in Upper Italy; its 

 value is that of T. medium (Langethal). 



Trifolium Pannonicum, Linn& 



The Hungarian Clover. Southern Europe. Perennial. Earlier 

 in the season than red clover, to which it is allied, but less tender in 

 foliage (Morton). 



