in Extra-Tropical Countries. 381 



Trifolium pratense, Camerarius.* 



The ordinary Red Clover. All Europe, North-Africa, Northern 

 and Middle Asia. It is found wild as far north as 69 20' in Norway 

 (Schuebeler). A biennial, or under certain circumstances also a 

 perennial herb, of special importance for stable-fodder. The perennial 

 variety passes under the name of Cow-clover, by which name also T. 

 medium is sometimes designated. Highly recommendable for per- 

 manent pastures, particularly in cool humid climes, as it continues to 

 Srow year after year, and produces a large amount of herbage (Dr. 

 url). It prefers rich ground and particularly soil, which is not 

 devoid of lime; gypsum-dressings are recommendable for the fields. 

 It enters into the rotation-system of crops very advantageously. 

 This species lives also in alpine regions, where it much enriches the 

 pastures. The nectar of the flowers is sucked by bumble bees, which 

 tends to facilitate the production of seeds. 



Trifolium reflexum, Linn<$.* 



The Pennsylvania- or Buffalo-Clover. Eastern North-America, 

 Annual or biennial; flower-heads larger than those of the red clover ; 

 likes alluvial flats. 



Trifolium repens, Kivin.* 



The ordinary White Clover, called also Dutch Clover. Europe, 

 . North- Africa, Northern and Middle Asia, sub-arctic America. In 

 Norway indigenous to lat. 70 57'. Perennial. ]\fbst valuable as a 

 fodder-plant on grazing land. It has a predilection for moist soil, 

 but also springs again from dry spots after rain. It likes soil contain- 

 ing lime, prospers on poorer ground than red clover, is more nourish- 

 ing and better digested, and less exhaustive to the soil. Dressing 

 with gypsum vastly enhances the value and productiveness of any 

 clover-field. Important as a bee-plant. 



Trifolium resupinatum, Linn. 



The annual Strawberry-Clover. From South -Europe and North- 

 Africa to Persia; also in the Canary-Islands and Azores. Admitted 

 here, though annual, as this clover is cultivated with predilection in 

 Upper India; it is of tall growth and succulent foliage. 



Trifolium spadiceum, Linn. 



Brown Clover. Europe, Western Asia. Perennial. This has 

 been recommended for wet sandy moorland, on which it gets dis- 

 seminated with readiness. 



Trifolium subrotundum, Hochstetter. 



The Mayad-Clover. Northern and Middle Africa, ascending to 

 9,000 feet. A perennial species, in its native countries utilized with 

 advantage for clover-culture. 



This by no means closes the list of the clovers variously desirable 

 for introduction, inasmuch as about 150 well-marked species are 

 recognized, many doubtless of value for pasture. But the notes of 



