.386 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



distances, has gradually been obtained. The total value of the export 

 of truffles from France in 1877 amounted to considerably over half 

 a million pounds sterling, the total production in that year being 

 valued at about 800,000. The annual revenue of the truffle- 

 ground of Carpentras is, according to Simmonds, 80.000. The great 

 White North- American Truffle (Tuber album) is as white as snow 

 and as tender as curds (Millington), 



Tuber albidum, Cesalpini. 



Occurs with T. aestivum, but is smaller and less agreeable in taste. 



Tuber cibarium, Sibthorp. 



.The Black Truffle. Middle and Southern Europe. Like all others 

 growing underground, and generally found in forest-soil of limestone- 

 formation. It attains a weight of over one pound. Experiments for 

 naturalization may be effected with every prospect of success by con- 

 veying the truffle in its native soil and locating it in calcareous places 

 of forest-regions. As a condiment or merely in a roasted state, it 

 affords an aromatic food. The famous Quercy- or Perigold-Truffle is 

 derived from this species. T. melanosporum (Vittadini) from France, 

 Germany and Italy, is of a still more exquisite taste than T. cibarium 

 indeed, of strawberry-flavor. 



Tuber mag-natum, Pico. 



Grey Truffle. South-Europe. One of the most esteemed of all 

 truffles, with some garlic-flavor. Hymenogaster Bulliardi (Vittadini) 

 and Melanogaster variegatus (Tulasne) of South-Europe are also 

 excellent truffles. 



Tuber rufum, Pico. 



Red Truffle, especially in vineyards. Much used for food, but 

 smaller than Terfezia-Truffles. 



Typha latifolia, Lhm. 



The Cattail, large Reedmace or Bulrush. Widely distributed 

 over the northern hemisphere in Norway to lat. 60 41'. Worthy 

 of being encouraged in its growth on rivers and around lakes, 

 and of being transferred to unutilized waters, as the very light and 

 soft foliage can be converted into material for mattresses, which in the 

 Royal Navy of Italy have come into universal use as additional means 

 of saving human life in the event of shipwreck. These mattresses 

 continue to float for a very long time and bear a great weight ; 

 thus one mattress is capable of supporting several persons in water 

 (Marquis Toverena and Captain Romano). The large rootstocks are 

 rich in nourishing starch. The closely allied T. angustifolia extends 

 to Australia. 



Ulex Europseus, Linne. 



The Whin, Gorse or Furze. Western and Southern Europe, 

 Azores, Canary -Islands; hardy in Norway to lat. 58 58'. A bush, 



