388 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



where great elacticity is required, as for archery-bows. It is also 

 . used for keels, blocks, wheels, piles, pumps, gun- and railway-carriages, 

 gunwales, various tools and implements. The Wych-Elm (U. mon- 

 tana, Withering) grows still further north than the Cork-Elm, in 

 Norway to lat. 66 5.9'; even in lat. 59 45' Professor Schuebeler 

 . found a tree still over 100 feet high, with a stem 4 feet in diameter. 

 The wood of the Wych-Elm is preferred for bending purposes 

 (Eassie). The bast is tough. The average growth at Port Phillip 

 proved 40 feet in 25 years. De Candolle estimated a particular aged 

 elm in France to be 335 years old then. 



Ulmus crassifolia, Nuttall. . 



The Evergreen Elm of Mexico, Arkansas and Texas. A tree fully 

 90 feet high and 2 feet in stem-diameter. 



Ulmus fulva, Michaux. 



The Slippery or Red Elm of Eastern North- America. Reaching a 

 height of about 60 feet. Splendid for tree-planting. There is a 

 pendent-branched variety. Wood red, tenacious, useful for wagon- 

 hubs and wheels (Vasey). Regarded as the best North- American wood 

 for blocks of rigging, according to Simmonds. The leaves seem avail- 

 able as food for the silkmoth; the bark is employed in medicine. 

 Rate of growth, little more than half that of the White Elm 

 (Furnas). 



Ulmus Mexicana, Planchon. 



Cordilleras of South-Western North-America. This elm attains 

 a height of 60 feet or perhaps more. Many of these elms are avail- 

 able as quick-growing avenue-trees for shade-lines. 



Ulmus parvifolia, Jacquin. 



The Evergreen Elm of China, Japan, Upper India and Burmah. 

 A similar tree is found on the Himalayan mountains. Well eligible for 

 big hedges also. 



Ulmus pedunculata, Fougeraux. (U. ciliata, Ehrhart.) 



Europe and Asia, through the middle zone. A fine avenue- 

 tree. 



Ulmus racemosa, Thomas.* 



The Cork-Elm of North-America, also called Western Rock -Elm 

 Wood as valuable as that of U. Americana, but much heavier; it is 

 fine-grained and compact, tough, flexible, not liable to split, holds 

 bolts better than most timber, and is extremely durable when con- 

 stantly wet; deserves unqualified praise as a furniture-wood for hard- 

 ness, strength, beauty and buff- reddish tint; largely also employed for 

 piles, pumps, naves, tackle-blocks, keels, heavy agricultural imple- 

 ments, such as mowing and threshing machines, ploughs, gunwales 

 (Robb, Sargent). 



