400 Select Plants for Industrial Culture 



most other varieties of this species (Planchon, Yignes Americaines). 

 Many good and fertile crosses between V. Labrusca and V. vinifera 

 occur in North- American cultivation; the Delaware-Grape is a hybrid 

 from V. Labrusca according to Bush and Meisner, and has in its turn 

 given rise to many other good crosses. The berries of V. Labrusca 

 are large among American kinds, and are of pleasant taste. Flowers 

 fragrant. It is the only species which thrives well and bears largely 

 in the clime of Brisbane, according to Dr. Bancroft. This and the 

 other hardy North- American vines seem never to be attacked by the 

 Oidium-disease. Dr. Regel unites the South- Asiatic V. lanata (Rox- 

 burgh) with this. 



riparia, Michaux.* (V. cordifolia var. riparia, A. Gray.) 



From the Northern and Central United States to the Rocky Moun- 

 tains of Colorado. To this species belong the Clinton, Franklin, 

 Taylor and some other varieties, probably also- Vitis Solonis, which 

 seem more particularly destined to revive viticulture in Southern France 

 and other countries, where the Phylloxera vastatrix has annihilated 

 such a vast extent of vineyards. They serve as grafting stock for 

 the European vine, the majority of them showing a sufficient if not a 

 complete resistance to this pest, while they are for the most part not 

 difficult to propagate. The experiments hitherto made in the Pro- 

 vence and elsewhere have given good results, and the produce of the 

 European vine on American stock has been found as good as if grown 

 on its own root. Professor Planchon places the varieties in the fol- 

 lowing order of merit: Vitis Solonis, Clinton-Vialla or Franklin, 

 wild Vitis riparia, Taylor, Clinton. The York -Madeira, which may 

 be a hybrid between V. riparia and V. Labrusca, is by some growers 

 placed next to Vitis Solonis and answers well for grafting. The seed- 

 lings of V. Solonis retain the typical characteristics of the parent-plant 

 which the other varieties do not. To raise vines from seeds, the 

 pips may be taken either before or after fermentation of the grape; 

 the essential point is, not to let them get dry; they should be kept in 

 a cool place and mixed with sand, to prevent mould. For transmission 

 to great distances they should be sent dried in the peel and pulp to 

 ensure the preservation of their vitality. Several French cultivators 

 recommend grafting " by approach." For this purpose an American and 

 an European vine are planted side by side; early in spring, when the 

 shoots are about the size of a small goose-quill, two from the different 

 stocks are brought together and in the most convenient place a. slice is 

 taken out of the bark and the outer portion of the wood of each, about 

 half an inch in length, care being taken that the two surfaces exactly 

 fit each other; they have only to be tied together, the sap which is 

 then at the height of its flow soon closing up the wound; the Ameri- 

 can shoot is pinched off when it has made 3 or 4 leaves, the following 

 winter the root of V. vinifera is cut off. Phylloxera-galls are fre- 

 quently found on the leaves of V. riparia as well as of V. aestivalis, but 

 the roots are not so often attacked ; if the latter happens, the wounds 

 inflicted by the insect are superficial and soon heal up (Plauchon, 



