in Extra-Tropical Countries. 411 



like that of rye, for medicinal purposes. Maize-corn contains about 

 75 per cent, of starch. Dierbach recommends mellago or treacle 

 from maize instead of that prepared from the roots of Triticum repens, 

 L., and the molasses so obtained serves also for culinary uses. Sugar 

 and treacle are now made on a large scale from maize-stems in the 

 manner indicated under Andropogon saccharatus. Exposure to extreme 

 and protracted cold four years in Polaris-Bay, Smith-Sound, 81 38' 

 north latitude did not destroy the vitality of .wheat- and maize-grains 

 (R. J. Lynch). The elongated threadlike styles have come recently 

 into medicinal use. 



Zelkova acuminata, Planchon. (Planera acuminata, Lindley; P. Japonica, 

 . Miquel; Zelkovia Keaki, Savatier and Franchet.) 



The "Keaki," considered one of the best timber -trees of Japan; it 

 proved of rapid growth and valuable as a shade-tree also at Mel- 

 bourne. The wood never cracks, and is hence most extensively used 

 for turnery, also much for furnitnre (Rein). Stems occasionally to 

 20 feet in girth. For out-door work the most valued wood in Japan 

 (Christie). 



Zelkova crenata, Spach. (Planera Richardi, Michaux.) 



South- Western Asia, ascending to 5,000 feet. In favorable locali- 

 ties a good-sized tree, with qualities resembling those of the elms. 

 The allied Z. Cretica (Spach) is restricted to South-Europe. 



Zingiber officinale, Roscoe. 



The Ginger. India and China. Possibly this plant may be pro- 

 ductive also in the warmer temperate zone, and give satisfactory 

 results. The multiplication is effected by division of the root. For 

 candied ginger only the young succulent roots are used, which are 

 peeled and scalded prior to immersion into the saccharine liquid. 

 Great Britain imported in 1884 about 56,000 cwt. of ginger, valued 

 at 124,000. 



Zizania aquatica, Linn.* (Hydropyrum esculentum, Link.) 



The Canada-Rice. In shallow streams and around ponds and lakes, 

 from Canada to Florida. This grass might be readily naturalized. 

 Annual. It attains a height of 9 feet. Although its grain can be 

 utilized for bread-corn, we would wish to possess the plant chiefly, to 

 obtain additional food of a superior kind for water-birds. 



Zizania fluitans, Michaux. (Hydrochloa Carolinensis, Beauvois.) 



Southern- States . of North- America. This grass, floating in 

 shallow streams, or creeping on muddy banks of rivers or swamps, 

 is praised by Prof. C. Mohr as valuable for fodder, lasting throughout 

 the year. 



Zizania latifolia, Turczaninow. (Hydropyrum latifolium, Grisebach.) 



The Kau-sun of China. In lakes of Amur, Manchuria, China and 

 Japan. Regarded by Bentham as conspecific wiih Z. aqnatica. 



