516 THE RABBIT CHAP. 



membrane of the colon has no villi, but, like that of the spiral 

 valve, is raised into small papillae ; while that of the rectum 

 is smooth. 



The liver (Figs. 135, Ir, ancT 137) is a large organ, 

 consisting of five lobes. Its anterior surface is convex 

 and is applied to the diaphragm, its posterior concave 

 surface fitting against the stomach. A median vertical 

 fold of the peritoneum attaches it to the diaphragm, and 

 marks the boundary between the right and left central lobes 

 (Fig. 137, r.c, l.c). Externally to the left central lobe, 

 between it and the cardiac end of the stomach, is the 

 left lateral lobe (I. I), and externally to the right central 

 lobe the caudate lobe (cau), applied to the pyloric end of 

 the stomach and hollowed posteriorly, when it fits over 

 the right kidney : a small Spigelian lobe (spg) fits closely 

 against the concave anterior surface of the stomach. 

 The bile-duct is made up of several hepatic ducts (h. d) 

 from the various lobes of the liver, as well as of a cystic 

 duct (cy. d) from the pear-shaped gall-bladder (g. b), which 

 is embedded in the right central lobe of the liver : the 

 common bile-duct (c.b. d) thus formed opens into the dorsal 

 side of the duodenum by a prominent aperture a short 

 distance beyond the pylorus. 



The pancreas (Figs. 135 and 137, pn) is a diffuse gland, 

 consisting of a number of small lobules looking not 

 unlike masses of fat, spread all over the mesentery which 

 connects the two limbs of the duodenum. The small 

 ducts from the various lobules run together to form the 

 main pancreatic duct (pn. d) which opens, independently 

 of the bile-duct, into the distal limb of the duodenal 

 loop a couple of inches or so beyond the bend. 



The spleen (Fig. 137, spl) is a long, flat body of a dark 

 red colour, attached to the cardiac end of the stomach 

 by a sheet of peritoneum (compare pp. 23 and 447). 



