264 METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION AND STUDY 



Pulvinate: Surface the segment of a circle, but de- 

 cidedly convex (Fig. 143, d). 



Capitate: Surface hemispherical (Fig. 143, e). 

 Umbilicate : Having a central pit or depression (Fig. 



143, /) 



Conical: Cone with rounded apex (Fig. 143, g). 



Umbonate: Having a central con- 

 vex nipple-like elevation (Fig. 143, h). 



2 . Detailed Characters of Siirface: 



Smooth : Surface even, without any 

 of the following distinctive characters. 



Alveolate: Marked by depressions 

 separated by thin walls so as to re- 

 semble a honeycomb (Fig. 144). 



Punctate: Dotted with punctures 

 like pin -pricks. 



Bullate: Like a blistered surface, 

 rising in convex prominences, rather 

 coarse. 



Vesicular: More or less covered 



FIG. 143. FIG. 144. 



FIG. 143. Surface elevation of colonies: a, Flat; &, raised; c, convex; 

 d, pulvinate; e, capitate; /, umbilicate; g, conical; h, umbonate. 

 FIG. 144. Types of colonies alveolate. 



with minute vesicles due to gas formation; more 

 minute than bullate. 



Verrucose: Wart-like, bearing wart-like prominences. 



Squamose: Scaly, covered with scales. 



Echinate: Beset with pointed prominences. 



Papillate: Beset with nipple or mamma-like proc- 

 esses. 



