48 HEAT OR CALORIC. 



3. In general, different solid or fluid bodies expand variously, by 

 the same amount of heat, and no satisfactory theorem has been dis- 

 covered on this subject : the facts are ascertained by experiment. 

 The following metals are arranged in the order of their expansibility, 

 the most expansible being placed first ; zinc, lead, tin, copper, bis- 

 muth, iron, steel, antimony, palladium, platinum. Henry. 



It is said by Dr. Ure, that equal increments of heat produce equal 

 degrees of expansion in metallic bodies :* and that the reverse is 

 true for the decrements. 



Table of expansion, by Ellicott.-\ 



Gold. Silver. Brass. Copper. Iron. Steel. Lead. 



73 103 95 89 60 56 147 



By a table of Smeaton, (Mur.) zinc appears to exceed lead in ex- 

 pansibility. There appears to be no relation between the density and 

 expansibility of solid bodies, gold being less expansible than brass or 

 lead : but there is a tolerably regular relation between the expansi- 

 bility and the fusibility; e.g. antimony, bismuth, tin, lead and zinc 

 being most expansible and most fusible ; in Smeaton's table, anti- 

 mony is stated as expanding less than iron, and bismuth than copper, 

 but these deviations may arise from errors in the experiments.! 



4. Gases are the most expanded, and with them all aeriform bod- 

 ies: fluids are much less expanded than gases, and solids vastly less 

 than fluids. 



Beneath is Mr. Dalton's table of some common liquids : the volume 

 at 32 is denoted by 1 ; the expansion is for 180, from 32 to 212. 

 Mercury, .0200 =j\ 



Water, - .0446= V 5 



saturated with salt, - .0500 = V 



Sulphuric acid, - - .0600= T ' T 



Muriatic acid, - .0600= T y 



Oil of turpentine, - - .0700 = T V 



Ether, - .0700 = T ' T 



Fixed oils, - - .0800= r V5 



Alcohol, - .0110=i" 



Nitric acid, - - .0110 = 1 



Generally the expansion of fluids increases as we ascend the scale. 

 Mr. Dalton, thinks that the expansion of fluids is as the square of 

 the temperature from the point of congelation or of greatest density. 

 This is not sufficiently confirmed by experiment. || 



5. Caloric introduced among the particles of bodies is a power of 

 repulsion tending to produce expansion. 



* Phil. Trans. 1818. t Phil. Trans, xlyii. 485. 



:f Murray, Vol. I. p. 163, 2d edition. New system of Chemical Philosophy. 



!| Murray, I. 173, 2d edition. 



