198 Plants. 



purposes of life to the natives of a warm 

 climate. Its bark is manufactured into 

 cordage and clothing, and its shell into 

 useful vessels ; its kernel affords a pleas- 

 ant and nutritive food, and its milk a cool- 

 ing beverage ; its leaves are used for cov- 

 ering houses, and are worked into bas- 

 kets ; and its boughs are of service to 

 make props and rafters. The rein-deer 

 of the Laplander, so essential to his sup- 

 port and subsistence, could not survive 

 through the tedious winter, without the 

 lichen rangiferinus, which he digs from 

 beneath the snow. On the bleak moun- 

 tains of the north, the pine, the fir, the ce- 

 dar, and man of the resinous trees grow, 

 which shelter many from the snows by 

 the closeness of their foliage, and furnish 

 him in winter with torches and fuel for his 

 fire-side. The leaves of those evergreen 

 trees are filliform, and thus are adapted to 

 reverberating the heat, and resisting the 

 violent winds which beat on elevated situ- 

 ations* All these productions, and the 

 various trees which produce cork and 

 emit rosin, turpentine, pitch, gums, and 

 balsam, either supply some constant ne- 

 cessity, obviate some inconvenience? or 



