INSERTION OF FLORAL LEAVES ON RECEPTACLE 353 



may be joined to one another laterally * (calyx of 

 corncockle, carpels in Fig. 60, B). The successive 

 whorls of floral leaves may arise from the sides of a 

 conical receptacle (Fig. 60, A), or they may arise from 



D 



FIG. 60. Diagrammatic vertical sections illustrating different rela- 

 tions of the receptacle (black throughout) to the floral whorls. 

 A, conical receptacle bearing the successive whorls on its sides 

 (hypogynous type), carpels separate. B, flat receptacle, carpels 

 united (syncarpous gynaecium). C, basin-shaped receptacle 

 with two free carpels at the base, the remaining whorls on the 

 edge of the basin (perigynous type}. D, receptacle fused to the 

 sides of the ovaries (epigynous type) y which are then said to be 

 " inferior." 



a flat receptacle (Fig. 60, B), or the receptacle may 

 be cup-shaped (Fig. 60, C, and cherry), with the sepals, 

 petals and stamens arising from the edge of the cup, 

 and the carpels from its bottom. Finally, the sides of 



1 Expressed by the prefix syn- (Greek avv, together). The corn- 

 clde flower is synsepalous. The gynaecium in Fig. 60, B, is syn- 



