PAINTING TRANSPARENCIES. 407 



also its top and bottom into equal parts: then from 

 each division draw lines across the glass with lamp- 

 black ground with gum-water, and you will divide 

 the glass into squares. Then lay the glass upon the 

 original which you wish to copy, and having drawn 

 the same number of squares upon your paper, pro- 

 ceed to copy into each square on your paper what 

 appears behind each corresponding square of the 

 glass. Instead of a glass, an open frame with 

 threads stretched across will answer the same 

 purpose. 



The Pentagraph. 



The Pentagraph is an instrument by means of 

 which one may copy, enlarge, or reduce the out- 

 lines of any picture, print, or drawing. They may 

 be had at most mathematical instrument-makers, 

 and are extremely useful for copying plans, maps, 

 and other complicated figures. 



PAINTING TRANSPARENCIES. 



The effect of this kind of painting is very pleas- 

 ing, if managed with judgment, particularly in fire 

 and moon lights, where brilliancy of light and 

 strength of shade are so very desirable. 



The very great expence attending the purchase 

 of stained glass, and the risk of keeping it secure 

 from accident, almost precludes the use of it in 

 ornamenting rooms ; but transparencies form a sub- 

 stitute nearly equal, and at a very small expence. 



The paper upon which you intend to paint 



must be fixed in a straining-frame, in order that 



you may be able to place it between you and the 



light, when you see occasion in the progress of 



D D 4 



