EXPERIMENTS WITH THE TOPLER MACHINE. 139 



uninsulated brush, where it is discharged. Thus the 

 carrier TF, charged by the friction of the insulated 

 brush E, must pass to the comb Z, connecting with the 

 jar D, and give up its principal charge, before passing- 

 to the uninsulated brush and comb H, where its resid- 

 ual is discharged through the brass rod H F", which 

 puts it in electric connection with the carrier Z, of 

 opposite potential. Reverse the rotation, and the 

 carrier TF, starting from E^ would give up its princi- 

 pal charge to the uninsulated brush and comb at F~, 

 before reaching the comb K, connecting with the 

 Ley den jar (7, where only the residual would remain. 

 It must also be noticed that the charge is greatly 

 increased, both on the carrier and adjacent portion of 

 the plate, by passing the inductor T, attached to the 

 stationary plate B ; whereas, when the rotation is re- 

 versed, the carrier leaves the inductor and passes the 

 space between T and X, where the induction is almost 

 zero. Thus it is evident that no storage of electricity 

 in the Leyden jars, and hence no permanent charge can 

 be obtained from a reversed rotation. 



HIGHER POTENTIAL OF JAR D. It has been shown, 

 that from the higher position, and hence better insula- 

 tion of the brush E, and upper half of the revolving 

 plate .A, as compared with the lower position, and con- 

 sequent inferior insulation of the brush F, and lower 

 half of A, the potential of the jar .Z), receiving its 

 charge from the former, must be higher, as a rule, than 

 that of C, which receives its charge from the latter. 



Repeated experiments, made by the author with a 

 number of different machines of this kind, fully confirm 

 this view. The higher potential is shown by the fre- 

 quent partial discharges between the inside and out- 



