THE ORGANIC AND THE INORGANIC 303 



of states or qualities all in one. The idea of a group of 

 figures has a very real existence for the sculptor, and 

 he may visualise it with almost all the appearance of 

 reality that the actual, material piece of statuary 

 possesses. In his mind it is a real manifold existence, 

 which nevertheless does not occupy the three-dimen- 

 sional space which the marble fills. The musical notes 

 C, F, A, C, heard in arpeggio, are things which possess 

 real existence, but which are extended in time, and 

 when we think of these separate sounds we lay them 

 alongside each other in our mind in an empty, homo- 

 geneous medium which seems to be all that we think 

 of as space. Yet the same notes heard simultaneously 

 as a chord are not extended. They interpenetrate 

 each other, but yet they are distinct things, since on 

 hearing the chord we can recognise the notes compos- 

 ing it. As an arpeggio the notes are an extensive 

 manifoldness, but as a chord they are an intensive 

 manifoldness. 



The mechanistic biology of the latter part of the 

 nineteenth century based itself on the methods and 

 concepts of physics, and it was therefore compelled to 

 assume that the manifoldness of the " primitive " life- 

 substance — the " Biophoridse " of Weismann and his 

 followers — or that of the fertilised ovum, was a mani- 

 foldness that had spatial extension. All the systems 

 studied by physics were aggregates of elements, or 

 parts, that had such extension : the sun, with its 

 attendant planets and satellites, was a system of bodies 

 isolated from each other in space. Even the atmos- 

 phere, or the sea, media which to our unaided senses 

 appear to be homogeneous, are really media consisting 

 of discrete bodies, or molecules, which are not actually 

 in contact with each other, but which are separated 

 from each other by empty space. Chemical compounds 



