HINTS TO BEGINNERS. 



Teaching horsemanship is expressed in the following commands, which 

 all good riding-masters repeat hour after hour to their pupils. Shoulders 

 back — waist slack — heels down — hands down — elbows close to side — 

 head erect — eyes directed upwards — sit back. 



A short rider mounting a tall horse may let down the stirrup leathers a 

 few holes, and take them up when mounted. 



Restive horses should be mounted in the stable yard, with their heads 

 turned against the closed stable door, until they learn to stand still without 

 being held. 



Make it your habit to fondle your horse before mounting, so as to 

 accustom him to your voice. 



Always approach his head first. 



The bridle hand is the left hand. 



The whip hand is the right hand. 



The near side is the left side as you sit ; the off side is to the right. 



Never begin to fight with a horse unless you have strength enough 

 to win. 



If a horse rears, do not support yourself by the reins ; loosen them 

 slightly and throw your arm around his neck, giving him first one spur and 

 then the other ; this will compel the hind legs to move forward, and he 

 loses his support. 



When a horse shies and turns half round, it is useless to try and force 

 him back, because he always turns on his strong side ; but quick as thought 

 turn him round in a complete circle ; if he still hesitates to go forward, 

 circle him again and again, because in this motion he cannot resist. 



If he shies without turning around, always pull him from the object of 

 his alarm. 



If he tries to rub you against a wall or tree, pull his head towards it. 



If a horse is really alarmed, as for instance at a machine of some kind, 

 dismount, soothe, and lead him past. 



When a gentleman accompanies a lady, he should ride on the right side, 

 his bridle and whip in the right hand, so that he may be prepared to assist 

 her with his left hand if needed. 



