EARLY EDUCATION OF THE HOESE. 77 



step ; his head carried in on the side of the approaching 

 croup. That is, if the croup is passing to the right the 

 head will be carried to the right, to give an easy and 

 graceful carriage to the horse in the movement. 



Pirouettes on the Croup. — In these movements the 

 forehand will go about the croup, the inner hind-leg 

 being the pivot. To show the horse what is expected of 

 him, a few lessons should be given on foot, in the follow- 

 ing manner : — The trainer will stand in front of the 

 horse, and, taking a snaffle-rein in each hand, in order to 

 direct the forehand and to iSx the croup, he will lead the 

 horse about, a step at a time, taking pains to keep the 

 pivot-leg as stationary as is possible under such circum- 

 stances. 



He will then mount the horse and put him in equilib- 

 rium. With a snaffle-rein in each hand he will, if pirou- 

 etting to the left, draw the horse to the left with the rein 

 of that side, fixing the croup with the snaffle in the right 

 hand. The right leg will be kept close to the side of the 

 horse to prevent the croup coming against it, and to keep 

 that side of the horse up in its place in the movement if 

 required. The forehand will be brought about in this 

 way until the horse's position is reversed, and he stands 

 facing the direction opposite to that from which he started. 

 Then he will be put in line, the right leg of the rider 

 being used to bring up the right side of the horse. By 

 the assistance of the aids, right and left being exchanged, 

 the horse will be practised in the movement to the right. 

 In the same way the horse will then be made to complete 

 the circle, pivoting on the croup, to the right and to the 

 left, the outside leg being brought up as the balance re- 



