78 RIDING AND TRAINING SADDLE-HORSES. 



quires its support. After the horse will perform these 

 pirouettes on the snaffle-bit, the curb will be used at the 

 finish of the movement, and then the curb-bit, the reins 

 carried in the hand to which the horse turns, will be used. 

 Finally the horse will be made to do the pirouettes to 

 either side, Y,^ith the curb-reins carried in the left hand. 

 To make the pirouettes on the haunches neatly and 

 quickly, the forces of the forehand will be well carried 

 back, so that the horse will rise off the ground in mak- 

 ing the face about. The hind-leg on the inside is to be 

 the pivot, and the other hind-leg will be brought up dur- 

 ing the movement to give it the finish. 



After the horse has been taught to traverse, and to make 

 the changes m the gallop for which these lessons have 

 prepared him, he will be ready to make the pirouettes 

 upon the croup in action. To this end he will be ridden in 

 circles, then in voltes or circles in which the croup fol- 

 lows an inner path and the forehand an outer path : the 

 pirouette results when the horse will make the volte with- 

 out moving his hind-legs away from the pivoting ground. 



Traversing. — If the reader has mastered all that has 

 appeared in these pages to this point, he should be able 

 to make his horse perform everything that is possible to 

 the animal. It only remains for us to point out the 

 best manner for obtaining the best effects in the more 

 important movements. 



In traversing or passing sideways to the right and to 

 the left, the horse should be placed at such an angle, 

 with the line upon which the movement is directed, the 

 shoulders in advance of the croup, that his legs may move 

 freely and his carriage be light and unconfined. Suppose 



