3 6 



STUDIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF ANIMALS 



Giraffe , markings of, 95, 96 ; New, 98 ; 



blotching on abdomen not needed, 194. 

 Glass, retains impressions of coins and 



print, 1 60. 

 GlyptodontS) rosettes in armour of, 109-112. 



Hands and feet, white or black, genesis of, 

 174. 



Homology, of Rhinoceros shields with 

 Armadillo shields, 215; of plates of A'. 

 Sondaicus with plates of Armadillo, 218- 

 220 ; of hide-plates of Indian Rhino- 

 ceros with bone-plates of Crocodile and 

 Sturgeon, 221 ; of pigment reticulation 

 of Horse with commissures of plates of 

 R. Sondaicus, 222. 



Horses, dappling of, 59 ; want of data 

 regarding commencement of dappling, 

 67 ; need of photographic help in estab- 

 lishing facts of dappling, 69 ; coinci- 

 dence of venation and reticulation, 71 ; 

 fern-like markings of, 72 ; detail study 

 of rosettes of, 74-77 ; vestiges of Zebra 

 marks in, 78-81 ; blotches in, 82 ; striped, 

 83-88 ; resetted, 93 ; white or black 

 hands and feet, explanation of, 174 ; tan- 

 coloured circle round eye of, 177 ; limbs 

 of ancestors of, 231 ; abnormal hands 

 of, 251-253 ; are they odd-toed or even- 

 toed, 252 ; characters in common with 

 ruminants, 267. 



Hybrids, between genera of plants, 173 ; 

 between Onager and Abyssinian Ass, 

 170. 



Interbreeding, of species and genera, 293, 

 294. 



Jaguar, a South American Leopard, 6 ; 

 black varieties of, 6 ; a tree-loving 

 animal, 8 ; detail of rosettes of, 10 ; 

 modified rosettes of, 18 ; localised nerve- 

 centres of markings, 19 ; variants of 

 rosettes of, 24 ; marking of, not result of 

 natural selection, 124 ; coloration ele- 

 ments of, 162. 



Leopards, identity with Panther, 7 ; black 

 cubs of, in same litter with ordinary 

 kinds, 7 ; Asiatic, differ from African, 8 ; 

 tree-loving animals, 8 ; detail of rosettes 

 of, 10-102; difference in markings of, 



26 ; disposition of markings in, 27 ; spot- 

 ting on legs of, 40 ; Clouded, 35. 



Lime-.salts, famine of, cause of disappear- 

 ance of skin-armour, 207 ; immense 

 quantities required for endo-skeletons 

 of animals, 208 ; hoarded in lime-rocks, 

 206. 



Lion, ancestral spotting of, 28. 



Llama, callosities on hind-legs of, 236. 



Lydekker, Richard, views on spotting and 

 striping of mammals, 126. 



Mammals, striped or spotted, 3 ; tail- rings 

 of, 3-12 ; earliest record of striped, 4 ; 

 markings of, supposed to be result of 

 natural selection, 5 ; unsymmetry of 

 markings in, 5 ; invisibility of, owing to 

 markings, 6 ; markings of, dependent on 

 nerve-centres, 26, 27 ; review of mark- 

 ings of, 54, 55 ; skeleton of, developed 

 independently of coloration of skin, 

 126; contrasted coloration of certain, 

 I 37' I 39 J white or black hands and feet 

 in, explanation of, 174 ; contrasted 

 coloration round mouth, eyes, and ears 

 of, 175 ; four distinct stages in evolution 

 of, 183 ; endo-skeleton of, required 

 immense quantities of lime-salts, 208. 



Marbled Cat, descent from resetted ances- 

 tors, 30, 35. 



Markings, of Jaguar, 9, 13, 18, 24; of 

 Leopard, 9-15, 18, 27; of Cheetah, 20- 

 23 ; of Spotted Deer, 25, 46, 145 ; of 

 Lion, 29 ; of Puma, 29 ; of Serval, 30 ; 

 of Marbled Cat, 31 ; of Ocelots, 32, 

 33; of Tigers, 36-41, 44; of Lynx, 

 40 ; of smaller Cats, 42, 43 ; of Zebras, 

 83, 84 ; on operculum of Pearly Nautilus, 

 1 20 ; on Jaguar, impressions of ancestral 

 carapace, 120 ; meaning of, on fore-legs 

 of Leopards, 124; of Jaguar not result of 

 natural selection, 124; of fishes, 155; 

 round mouth, eyes, and ears of certain 

 mammals, 175 ; on hind-legs of Serval, 

 30, 1 86 ; on abdomen of Giraffe and 

 Horse not needed, 194 ; of Leopards 

 evidence of ancestral scutes, 202 ; order 

 in which they altered in Mammals, 211. 



Monstrosities, in various animals, 276-279, 

 287 ; rejection of, by Dr. Wallace as 

 modifiers of species, 280; sub-division 

 of, 282 ; probable cause of, 282-286 ; 

 Geoffroy St. Hilaire's propositions on, 



