324 



PRIVATE FORESTRY IN FRANCE 



of the reserves in coppice-under-standards, (4) by developing a road 

 system, (5) by securing a better range force through increasing their 

 pay. 



The property was bought in 1693 by Louis- Alexandre de Bourbon, 

 Count of Toulouse; his son Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Penthievre, in- 

 herited it. It was sequestered during the revolution but was restored to 



RECEIPTS Francs 



Wood 119,900.00 



Windfall 1,647.10 



Rock, etc 1,161.01 



Grazing 76.00 



Indemnities 273 .80 



Trespass 10.00 



Rights 700.00 



Hunting 32,000.00 



152.20 

 155,920.11 



Farms (net) 49,400.00 



EXPENSES Francs 



Salaries 29,199.64 



Clothing 1,140.90 



Office 246.48 



Cost of making sales 4,920 . 90 



Road maintenance 2,008 . 185 



Plantations 1,049 . 585 



Pruning reserves 870 . 50 



Private logging 168 . 19 



Maintenance of houses 2,249 . 20 



Stamp (tax) 6.20 



Lawsuits 



Policing game rights 200 . 00 



Advertising, etc 707 . 592 



Horses and stable 



(19/20 to "forests") 1,799.22 



Insurance 22 .60 



Pensions 928.75 



Taxes 24,263.86 



Stamps for pensions 33 .75 



Totals 69,804.952 



These figures simply serve to illustrate the low net returns for large forest estates in 

 France. The percentage return on the investment cannot be computed but it is cer- 

 tainly less than 2 per cent. The taxes eat up more than 10 per cent of the gross receipts. 



Gazin's budget is divided into six chapters followed by a general summary: (1) 

 Forests; (2) houses and farms; (3) sawmills; (4) chateaux and parks; (5) hunting 

 and fishing; (6) pensions; (7) recapitulation. The estimate signed December 18, 1912, 

 and approved by the Due de Penthievre, is as follows: 



Totals 205,320.11 



The cost of administration totaled 3.40 francs per hectare per year; maintenance 

 0.98; cost of making sales, 0.60; total of 4.98 francs, excluding taxes (34 cents per acre). 

 The coppice in 1865 sold for 95,000 francs; in 1866, 152,000; in 1870, 120,000; and in 

 1913, 16,000 francs, or only about 10 per cent gross receipts. This illustrates the loss to 

 forest owners in France through the discovery and use of coal. 



