CONTENTS 9 



PAGE 



CHAPTER XXIV 



TREES WITH MORE HIGHLY DEVELOPED FLOWERS 

 Elm, Rowan, Laburnum, Sycamore, Horse-Chestnut, Common 

 Ash, and Lilac ......... 295 



PART V. ECOLOGY 

 CHAPTER XXV 



PLANT HABITATS AND COMMUNITIES 

 Types of Vegetation. Plant formations, associations, and 

 societies . . . . . . . . . 3 X 5 



CHAPTER XXVI 

 THE SOIL 

 Origin of soils. Sedentary and transported soils. Composition. 

 Organisms in the soil. Properties. Siliceous soils. Sand, clay, 

 subsoil, humus, and peat. Calcareous soils, liming, hoeing. 

 Water supply . . . . . . . 3 2 



CHAPTER XXVII 



PLANTS OF HEDGEROWS AND WALLS 

 Uses and distribution of Hedgerows. Plants of the hedgebank, 

 ditch, and sward. Trees and Shrubs. Climbing plants. 

 Herbaceous species. Walls . . . . . -336 



CHAPTER XXVIII 



WOODLAND PLANTS 

 Features to observe in the study of a wood. Dry and moist 

 woods on siliceous soils. Ash woods on calcareous soils. 

 Plantations. Complementary societies. Types of British 

 woodland ......... 345 



CHAPTER XXIX 

 PLANT-LIFE IN HUMUS 

 Abnormal modes of nutrition. Saprophytes. Mycorrhiza and 

 symbiosis. Parasites. Insectivorous plants . . .354 



CHAPTER XXX 



GRASS-LANDS : PASTURES AND MEADOWS 

 Pastures and meadows. Grass moors. Calcareous and 

 neutral grass-lands. Survey of a pasture .... 366 



