STRUCTURE OF MODIFIED SHOOTS 135 



all springing from a very short and flattened stem ; then 

 follow three foliage-leaves (/.1-3), surrounding a central 

 flower (85, 2) with three outer and three inner petals (p), 

 three outer and three inner stamens (a) ; and, in the centre, 



Fig. 85. Tulip. 1, vertical section of a Tulip bulb : a, stamens ; 

 b, axillary bud ; /. 1, 2, and 3, foliage-leaves ; g, pistil ; p, perianth ; 

 r, roots ; s.i, 2, 3, 4, and 5, scale-leaves ; st, stem. 2, flower-bud 

 from bulb of Tulip : f.x and 2, bases of foliage-leaves ; p, perianth ; 

 s.i, 2, 3, 4, and 5, bases of scale-leaves. 3, Tulip bulb with dropper 

 in vertical section : dr, dropper ; dr.b, dropper-bud ; r, roots ; 

 sc, scape ; st, stem. 



the pistil (g), with its three-chambered ovary, style, and 

 the three-lobed stigma. 



If a bulb is carefully dissected or cut into a series of thick 

 slices from below upwards (Fig. 86, 1-4), it will be seen that 

 the scales and the bases of the foliage-leaves completely 

 surround the stem, and hence are called tunics ; while 

 such a bulb is said to be a ' tunicated bulb '. In the axils 

 of some of these leaves buds will be found (85, 1 b), which 

 will grow and form the bulbs of another year. We thus have 



