i68 



THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 



nectaries and shed their pollen on the petals, not on the 

 stigmas, which are not yet ripe. The pistil is in the centre, 

 and consists of many spirally-arranged, free carpels, each 

 containing one ovule. As in the Clematis, Anemone, and 

 Marsh Marigold, the pistil is apocarpous and superior. 



Such flowers, in which the sepals, petals, or stamens 

 are fixed below the pistil, are said to be hypogynous. 

 The Buttercup provides both pollen and honey, but in 

 order to obtain the latter, insects must first push aside the 



-P 



Fig. 113. Flower of Strawberry. 1, back of flower, showing 

 the five sepals (ca) and five smaller stipules (st) alternating with 

 the sepals ; 2, flower in vertical section ; a, stamen ; c, carpel ; 

 ca, sepal ; g, upgrowth from centre of receptacle bearing the carpels ; 

 p, petal ; r, expanded and hollowed receptacle ; st, stipule. 



stamens, and in doing so their bodies become dusted with 

 pollen. If they now visit older flowers where the stigmas 

 are ripe, they may deposit on them some of this pollen. 

 The different kinds of buttercups should be examined and 

 their differences observed. 



Perigynous and epigynous flowers ; the simple flower -tube. 

 The Strawberry (Fig. 113) has five sepals and five 

 sepal-like stipules, the latter forming what is called an 

 epicalyx. The flower thus appears to have ten sepals. 

 These, together with the five alternating petals and numer- 

 ous stamens, are borne on the edge of an expanded and 



