2l6 



THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 



Mangold have a pistil of several free carpels. Each is 

 pod-like and contains many seeds ; but, unlike a pod, 

 splits along the inner seam only. These fruits are called 

 follicles. The legume or pod of the Pea and the Bean 

 consists of one carpel and splits along both seams, the two 

 valves often being twisted into a close spiral (Fig. 162, 1). 

 The Shepherd's Purse (Fig. 150) and Honesty are simi- 

 lar to the Stock, but shorter, and their pods are known as 



Fig. 151. 1, Open Capsule of Violet; 2, Capslle of Poppy 

 dehiscing by pores ; 3, same in section ; 4, capsule of pim- 

 PERNEL dehiscing transversely ; p, pore ; 5, edges of carpels 

 which project into the ovary but do not meet in the centre. 



siliquas. Compare these and note how very different forms 

 of fruit may arise from one type of structure. 



A common type of dry splitting fruit which is more or 

 less globular is called a capsule, and dehiscence takes place 

 in a variety of ways. Some capsules open above, forming 

 a cup surrounded by teeth, as in the Campion (Fig. 159, 2). 

 In the Violet (Fig. 151, 1) it opens by three valves. Other 

 capsules dehisce by pores, as in the Poppy (Fig. 151, 2 and 3), 

 where the pores are around the margin ; and in the Snap- 

 dragon the capsule is oblique and has three pores (Fig. 159, 3). 

 In some Campanulas the pores are at the base (Fig. 159, 5) ; 

 while in the globular fruits of the Pimpernel (Fig. 151, 4), 



