246 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 



to pollination by bees (see p. i88, where a full description 

 of a papilionaceous flower will be found) ; a few are self- 

 pollinated, e. g. Edible Pea (Pisum sativum), and species 

 of Vetch (Vicia), some of which have cleistogamous flowers. 

 In the Gorse (Ulex europaeus) (Fig. 133), the Petty Whin 

 (Genista anglica), Laburnum (Cytisus Laburnum) (Fig. 201), 

 Rest-harrow (Ononis arvensis), and Lupin (Lupinus spp.), 

 the stamens are monadelphous, and the flowers have 

 no honey, although the Broom has ' honey-guide? '. In 

 others the stamens are diadelphous, e. g. Clover (Trifolium 

 spp.), Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) , Vetches and 

 Tares (Vicia spp.), Pea, Bean (Vicia Faba), Scarlet-Runner 

 (Phaseolus multiflorus) , and Sweet Pea (Lathyrus odoratus) 

 (Fig. 131). The seeds are usually rich in proteins and 

 starch stored in the cotyledons, and form important food- 

 stuffs, e. g. Pea, Bean, Pulses. In some, like the Kidney 

 Bean, the pods are eaten. Many are valuable fodder- 

 plants, e. g. species of Vetch, Tare, Clover, Medick, and 

 Sainfoin. The Groundnut or Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) 

 develops its pods underground. 



Order Umbelliferae. Flowers usually in compound 

 umbels, often zygomorphic. Sepals and petals usually 

 five each. Stamens five, epigynous. Ovary inferior, 

 of two carpels, syncarpous, and on the ovary a honey- 

 secreting disk. Fruit a cremocarp, which splits 

 into two half-fruits (mericarps) (Fig. 148). 



This order is remarkable in having small flowers 

 massed into dense, usually compound, umbels, rendering 

 them very conspicuous, and by means of this character 

 most plants of the order can be readily identified (Figs. 119 

 and 244). Many of the species are poisonous, e. g. Hem- 

 lock (Conium macidatum) ; others, like the Carrot (Daucus 

 Carota) and Parsnip (Peucedanum sativum), are edible, and 

 largely cultivated for their fleshy roots. In the Celery 



